12. treatments for CVD

• ACE inhibitors?

  • inhibit enzymes that convert angiotensin 2 -> 1. less angiotensin 2= less vasoconstriction of blood vessels and decreased blood pressure.
  • side effects: dizziness, dry cough, abnormal heart rhythm
• Calcium Channel blockers?

  • block entry of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells of artery. lack of calcium prevents contraction of muscles and no vasoconstriction, lower blood pressure.
  • side effects: dizziness, headaches, swollen ankles, abnormal heart rhythm
• diuretics?

  • increase volume of urine produced. decrease in blood plasma volume and cardiac output, decrease in blood pressure.
  • side effects: dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps
• statins?

  • lower blood cholesterol and decrease atheroma risk
  • inhibit enzymes (HMG-CoA) involved in production of LDL by liver.
  • side effects: tiredness, disturbed sleep, nausea, vomiting
• anticoagulant?

  • warfarin
  • interfered with vitamin K production, inhibiting blood clotting process.
  • side effects: serious bleeding
• platelet inhibitors?

  • aspirin/clopidogrel
  • decreases stickiness of platelets, blood clot less likely to form
  • side effects: serious/stomach bleeding