Introduction to organic chemistry

• Structural isomers


  Have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
• Types of structural formula

  • Chain isomer - same molecular formula but different arrangement of carbon skeleton
  • Positional isomer - same molecular formula but different position of functional group on carbon skeleton
  • Functional group isomer - same molecular formula but different functional group
• Stereoisomers

  Have the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
• Stereoisomerism

  • E/Z isomerism
• E isomers


  Have the same groups opposite the double bond
• Z isomers

  Have the same groups on the same side of the double bond
• CIP rules

  1. Used when deciding E/Z isomerism when we have 4 different groups around the double bond

  2. Highest atomic number is given higher priority