FERMENTATION

• WHAT HAPPENS IN FERMENTATION?

  carbohydrates are broken down into sugars then converted into ethanol
• WHERE DO THE CARBOHYDRATES COME FROM?

  plants
• HOW ARE THE CARBOHYDRATES BROKEN DOWN INTO SUGARS?

  anaerobic respiration
• HOW ARE THE SUGARS CONVERTED INTO ETHANOL?

  enzymes from yeast
• EXAMPLES OF PLANTS THAT GIVE THESE CARBOHYDRATES?

  sugar cane/ sugar beet
• FORMULA FOR FERMENTATION?

  C6H12O6 (aq) -> 2C2H5OH (aq) + 2CO2 (g)
• CONDITIONS FOR FERMENTATION?

  • 35 degrees Celsius
  • anaerobic conditions
  • yeast catalyst
• WHAT DO THE ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS OF FERMENTATION PREVENT?

  oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid
• WHAT HAPPENS TO ETHANOL AT 15%?

  enzymes are unable to function so the reaction stops
• AT WHAT PERCENTAGE OF ETHANOL DOES THE REACTION STOP?

  15%
• WHAT MUST HAPPEN AFTER ETHANOL REACHES 15% TO INCREASE THE CONCENTRATION?

  distillation
• TYPE OF FUEL USED IN FERMENTATION?

  renewable
• METHOD OF PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM CARBOHYDRATES?

  fermentation and distillation
• RATE OF REACTION OF FERMENTATION?

  slow
• WHAT TYPE OF PROCESS IS FERMENTATION?

  batch
• PURITY OF ETHANOL PRODUCED IN FERMENTATION?

  aqueous solution of ethanol produced (required distillation to concentrate)