Chem acids

• Acids


  Lower than 7, produce OH ions
• Indicators


  • Phenolphthalein - Pink in Alkaline, Colorless in Acids
  • Methyl orange - Red in Acidic, Yellow in Alkaline
  • Litmus paper - Red in Acidic, Blue in Alkaline
• Acid-Base Reactions


  • Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
  • Metal Oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
  • Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
  • Metal Hydroxide + Acid → Salt + Water
• Strong Acid


  High concentration of H+ ions, lower pH
• Weak Acid


  Lower concentration of H+ ions, higher pH
• Electrolysis is a reversible process
• Preparation of Copper Sulfate Crystals

  1. Add excess Copper Oxide to Copper Sulfate Acid

  2. Filter

  3. Gently heat to evaporate water

  4. Crystals form
• Neutralization Equation: Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water
• Test for Hydrogen: Squeaky pop with lit splint
• Test for Carbon Dioxide: Turns limewater cloudy
• Salts are formed by the complete reaction of an acid with an insoluble reactant
• Titration is used to determine the exact proportions of reactants to completely neutralize an acid and alkali