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• 3 types of People/Social Classes

  • Maharlika
  • Timawa
  • Alipin
• Maharlika


  • Datu, wife, children, and siblings
  • Well-respected warriors of barangay
• Timawa


  • Freemen
  • Common people
  • Some are born free while some were slaves. They bought their freedom from their masters
  • Right to choose their jobs and right to own properties
  • Had to be loyal and cooperative with the datu
• Alipin


  • Guintubo/ Aliping Namamahay
  • Hayupay/ Aliping Saguiguilid
• Guintubo/ Aliping Namamahay


  • Have their own quarters inside the properties of their masters
  • Has the right to choose their wife or husband
  • Can own property and being paid for their service
• Hayupay/ Aliping Saguiguilid


  • Natives who were captured in tribal wars and was born to slave parents
  • They were owned by, served by, and lived in their master's houses
  • Serves without getting paid
  • Cannot marry without the permission of their master
• System of Government


  • Barangay ruled by the Datu
  • They called hari, raha, or lakan
  • He was the chief executive, legislator, and judge of the barangay
• Women


  • Treated equally as men in pre-historic society
  • Mother was the treasurer and distributor of the family's property
  • Highly respected and their advice was heeded
  • Have the right of inheritance and right to give names to their children
  • Some cases, women became slaves of their husbands as soon s the marriage ceremony is over
• Men


  • Had only one wife but could have a several concubines, who live in the same house where the legitimate wife lived
  • Live in the house of the woman he wanted to marry to serve her family
  • Give dowry
• Clothing/Food


  • Natives wore clothing but did not wear anything on their feet
  • Men had artistic tattoes on their bodies
  • Main food was rice which they cooked in bamboo or claypot
• Literary


  • Awit
  • Bugtong
  • Salawikain
  • Tula
  • Alamat
• Drinks


  • Lambanog
  • Tuba
• Musical Instruments


  • Kudyapi
  • Kulintang
• House


  • Nipa Hut
• Alphabet


  • Knew how to read and write
  • Baybayin, consisted of seventeen letters
  • Duty of mothers to teach their children how to read, write and count
• Livelihood


  • Fishing
  • Weaving
  • Mining
  • Farming
  • Creating Boats
  • Wine Making
• Ferdinand Magellan set foot on Philippine soil on March 16, 1521
• Social Classes in Spanish Colonial

  • Ruling Class/Peninsulares
  • Middle Class/Insulares
  • Indio
• Three types of Indios

  • Principalia
  • Cabeza De Barangays
  • Masa
• Mestizo


  Half pinoy, half Spanish
• Education (Spanish Era)


  • Main objective was to make the Filipinos God fearing and Obedient
  • Religion was compulsory
  • Prepare people for life in heaven not for life in this world
  • Subjects: religion, arithmetic, reading, arts and vocation, writing, and Spanish
  • Boys and Girls went to separate schools
  • School of Girls: religion, arithmetic, good manners, paintings, writing, Spanish, music and home economic
  • 17th century - Higher Education in Philippines began
  • College Education only for Spaniards and with Spanish Blood
  • 19th century - Filipinos are admitted to High Education
  • For 300 years, education in the Philippines was the responsibility of the church
• Influences (Spanish Era)


  • Christianity
• In 1898, United States of America colonized Philippines
• Education (American Era)


  • Opening schools in Manila
  • Teaching the people the ENGLISH language through the American Soldiers
  • Public schools were opened under Act No. 74 of the Taft Commission- free primary education was given to the Filipinos
• The American Cultural Influences

  • English Language
  • Newspapers written in English were printed
  • Democratic ideas like suffrage, election, equality, due process
  • Thanksgiving
  • Halloween
  • Singing of Christmas Carols
  • Putting Christmas Trees
  • Change the names of the streets, parks and buildings to American names
  • Jazz and swing music
  • Dance rumba and zumba
  • Field of science/ medicine
  • New technology
  • Big industries
  • Infrastructure - roads, bridges, hospitals, schools
• Filipino Women (American Era)

  • Enjoyed more freedom
  • Work outside their homes
  • Allowed to study any profession
  • Active participants in social activities
  • Were given top positions in public offices
• History


  Study of events that happened in the past and the causes of those events
• Historia


  Greek word which means "knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation
• Herodotus is the Father of History
• Prehistory


  • Period where information of the past were recorded in materials other than written document
  • No written records
  • Fossils and artifacts
• Historiography


  • "historia" = past
  • "graphier" = to write
  • Study of history itself
  • Art of writing
  • Writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials used in those sources, and the synthesis of the details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination
• Why study HISTORY?


  • History helps us understand people and societies
  • History helps us understand change and how the society we live in came to be
  • History contributes to moral understanding
  • History provides identity
  • Studying History is essential for Good Citizenship
• Primary resources


  • Original document
  • Declaration of Independence
  • The Constitution
  • Birth certificates
  • Government Records
  • Deeds
  • Court Documents
  • Military records
  • Tax Records
  • Census Records
  • Arts
  • Diaries
  • Photograph
  • Journal
  • Videos
  • Autobiographies
  • Letters
  • Speeches
  • Photograph
  • Videos
  • Letters
• Secondary Resources


  • Almanac
  • Encyclopedias
  • History books
  • Newspaper
  • Magazines
  • Books
  • Articles
• Kinds of Primary Resources


  • Published Documents
  • Unpublished Documents
  • Oral Traditions
  • Artworks and Artifacts
• External Criticism


  • Consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was produced
  • Materials used for the evidence
  • Authenticity of sources by examining the date, locale, creator, analysis and integrity of the historical sources
• Internal Criticism


  • Examines the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source, it's context, the agenda behind its creation, the knowledge which informed it, and it's intended purpose
• Antonio Pigafetta accompanied Ferdinand Magellan on a voyage to circumnavigate the globe (1519-1522)
• The expedition aimed to find a western sea route to the Spice Islands
• Departing with five ships and around 270 men, only one ship, the Victoria, and 18 crew members completed the journey