quiz 1

• masseter origin and insertion

  zygomatic arch, lateral surface of mandibular ramus
• massester action


  moves mandible at temporomandibular joint, elevation, protrusion, lateral deviation
• masseter structure, innervation


  multipennate, trigeminal nerve
• temporalis origin and insertion

  origin: temporal lines/fascia

  insertion: coronoid process
• temporalis function and structure

  function: moves mandible at temporomandibular joint.

  structure: bipennate
• temporalis

  identify this muscle

  
• medial pterygoid origin and insertion

  origin: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate

  insertion: medial surface of mandibular angle
• medial pterygoid function and structure

  function: elevation, protrusion, lateral deviation of mandible

  structure: multipennate
• identify this muscle

  medial pterygoid

  
• lateral pterygoid origin and insertion

  origin: lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate

  insertion: medial surface of TMJ and neck of mandible
• lateral pterygoid action and structure

  action: protrusion and lateral deviation of the mandible (superior head also elevates)

  structure:
• identify this muscle

  lateral pterygoid

  
• frontalis origin and insertion

  O: galea aponeurotica (infront of coronal suture)

  I: supraorbital muscles (procerus, curugator, supercili, orbicularis oculi) and skin
• frontalis action, structure and expression

  A: moves scalp posteriorly raising eyebrowss and wrinking forehead, anatagonists of orbicularis oculi

  S: broader than occipitalis and longer, no bony attachement

  E: suprise
• identify this muscle

  frontalis

  
• occipitalis origin and insertion

  origin: lateral 2/3rd of superior nuchal line

  insertion: galea aponeurotica
• occipitalis action, structure, expression

  A: moves scalp posteriorly raising eyebrows ad wrinkling forehead, anatogists of obicularis oculi

  S: shorter and narrower than frontalis, medial space between muscle bellies

  E: suprise
• identify this muscle

  occipitalis

  
• what is the modiolus and what is it important for?

  - a dense, compact, mobile fibromuscular mass lateral to corners of mouth

  - point of interlacing approx. 9 muscles converging at angle of mouth

  - important for chewing, biting, drinking,

  sucking, swallowing, speech, modulation of

  musical tones, shouting, screaming, crying,

  facial expression

  
• obicularis oris origin and insertion

  o: skin and muscle fibres surrounding lips

  i: mucous membrane of lips at mouth corner
• obicularis oris action and structure

  action: compresses and protrudes lips

  structure: not elliptical, has four quadrants (2x pars peripheralis and 2x pars marginalis)
• identify this muscle

  obicularis oris

  
• buccinator origin and insertion

  o: pterygomandibular raphe and lateral surface of the alveolar process of maxilla and mandible in region of molars

  i: blend with orbicularis oris and submucosa
• buccinator action and structure

  a: compress cheeks against teeth, draw corners of mouth laterally

  s: transverse and anterior orientation, quadrilateral muscle, deepest extrinsic muscle of lips, fibres course anteriorly and medial central fibres of muscles dussate
• identify this muscle

  buccinator

  
• mentalis origin and insertion

  o: incisive fossa of mandible

  i: skin of chin
• mentalis action, structure, expression

  a: raises lower lip and mentolabial sulcus, protrudes and everts lower lip, wrinkles chin

  s: vertical orientation, cone shaped, lies lateral to frenulum of lower lip, courses inferiorly

  e: pout, doubt, disdain
• cervical vertebrae special features

  - bifid spine

  - transverse foramen

  - triangular and wide vertebral canal

  - small oval body

  - atypical = c1, c2, c7

  
• thoracic vertebrae specific features

  - inferiorly projecting spine

  - large transverse processes

  - circular small vertebral canal

  - triangular body

  - articular facets for ribs

  - atypical = t1, t10, t11, t12

  
• lumbar vertebrae specific features

  - small stumpy spine

  - small transverse process

  - small triangular vertebral canal

  - large round body

  
• what is the C1 vertebrae called?

  atlas

  - no vertebral body

  
• what is the C2 vertebrae called?

  axis

  - has large projection called the dens

  
• Describe the sacrum


  - 5 segments fused together

  
• Describe the coccyx


  - terminal end of the vertebral column

  - triangular bone that forms from the fusion of three to five vertebral segments - most commonly 4

  
• Describe axial musculature


  - head neck torso

  - arises on axial skeleton

  - positions head and spinal column

  - assists in respiration

  - comprises 60% of body's skeletal muscle
• Describe appendicular musculature


  - limbs

  - stabilises or moves appendicular skeleton

  - comprises remaining 40% of skeletal muscle
• What are the general features of ribs?

  - increase in length 1-7 then decrease from 7-12

  - each articulates posteriorly with corresponding thoracic vertebra

  - posterior portion of rib connects to thoracic vertebra by its head and articular part of a tubercule
• What ribs are called true rivs

  1-7. They have a direct attachment to sternum by the costal cartilage
• What ribs are called false ribs?

  8-12. The costal cartilage does not attach directly to sternum
• Which ribs are the floating ribs?

  11-12. They are called floating ribs because they do not attach at all.