CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT CELL TYPE

• Cell Differentiation 


  A process by which cell changes from one cell type to another which allows cell to perform different functions from its previous state.

  It is a complex process that involves large modifications in gene expressions.
• Tissue

  is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. 
• Meristematic Tissue


  Is an area of active plant growth. Undifferentiated cells divide and form new, specialized cells. Meristematic tissue may be the cambium layer, leaf of the flower buds, shoot lips, or root tips. Cells of this tissue continue to divide throughout the life of the plant.
• Apical Meristem


  The apical meristem is a region of actively dividing cells found at the tip of roots and shoots in plants. It is responsible for primary growth, which involves the lengthening of the plant body. The apical meristem produces new cells that differentiate into various tissues, ultimately leading to the formation of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.
• Intercalary Meristem 


  The apical meristem is a region of actively dividing cells found at the tip of roots and shoots in plants. It is responsible for primary growth, which involves the lengthening of the plant body. The apical meristem produces new cells that differentiate into various tissues, ultimately leading to the formation of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.
• Lateral Meristem


  Lateral meristems are types of meristematic tissue found in plants that promote growth in thickness or girth. Unlike apical meristems, which promote primary growth (lengthening of the plant), lateral meristems are responsible for secondary growth, which increases the diameter of stems and roots.
• Permanent Tissue


  Permanent tissue refers to plant tissues that have ceased to divide and have attained their final form and function. These tissues are responsible for providing structural support, storage, and various physiological functions in plants throughout their life. Permanent tissues are categorized into two main types: simple permanent tissues and complex permanent tissues.
• Simple Present Permanent Tissue

  These tissues are composed of only one type of cells and are uniform in structure and function. They include:

  • Parenchyma:
  • Collenchyma:
  • Sclerenchyma:
• Parenchyma


  Parenchyma cells are typically found in the soft parts of the plant such as leaves, stems, and roots. They have thin cell walls and large central vacuoles. Parenchyma cells often perform functions like photosynthesis, storage of nutrients, and secretion.
• Collenchyma


  Collenchyma cells are elongated cells with unevenly thickened cell walls, providing flexible support to the growing parts of the plant such as young stems and leaves. They are alive at maturity and can elongate as the plant grows.

  It occurs below the epidermis of stem and petiole(stalk of the leaf) and around the veins.
• Sclerenchyma


  Sclerenchyma cells are dead at maturity and have thick, lignified cell walls. They provide mechanical support and protection to the plant. Sclerenchyma cells are found in regions of the plant that have stopped growing, such as the stems, vascular bundles, and seed coats.
• Complex permanent tissue


  Complex permanent tissue help the transportation of organic material, water and minerals up and down the plants. That is why it is also known as conducting and vascular tissue.

  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• Xylem


  It is a complex permanent tissue,, which is specialized for the conduction of water and mineral substances in the plant body, Xylem is a heterogenous tissue made up for different types pf cellular elements.
• Phloem


  Is a complex permanent tissue, which is specialized for the conduction of food and organic substances.
• Animal tissue

  Animal tissue refers to the group of cells that are specialized to perform specific functions within the bodies of animals. These tissues can be broadly classified into four main types:

  1. Epithelial Tissue
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Nervous Tissue:
• Epithelial Tissue


  This tissue covers the surfaces of organs, lines body cavities, and forms glands. Epithelial tissue can be further categorized into simple epithelium (a single layer of cells) and stratified epithelium (multiple layers of cells). Examples include the skin, the lining of the digestive tract, and the lining of blood vessels.
• Connective Tissue


  Connective tissue provides support, protection, and structure to the body. It includes a variety of cell types and extracellular matrix materials. Examples include bone tissue, cartilage, blood, adipose (fat) tissue, and loose and dense connective tissues.
• Muscle Tissue


  Muscle tissue is responsible for movement and locomotion. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle (attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movement), smooth muscle (found in the walls of organs and blood vessels and responsible for involuntary movements), and cardiac muscle (found only in the heart and responsible for pumping blood).
• Nervous tissue


  Nervous tissue is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses and the rapid transmission of information. It consists of neurons (nerve cells) and supporting cells called neuroglia. Nervous tissue forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body.
• Dermal Tissue System


  This system forms the outer protective covering of the plant and helps in reducing water loss. It consists primarily of epidermal cells and, in some cases, specialized structures like trichomes, stomata, and root hairs
• Ground Tissue System:


  This system is responsible for various functions such as photosynthesis, storage, and support. It comprises three types of ground tissues:

  • Parenchyma: These cells are involved in photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
  • Collenchyma: These cells provide mechanical support to young parts of the plant and are flexible.
  • Sclerenchyma: These cells provide rigid support to mature parts of the plant and are usually dead at maturity.
• Vascular Tissue System


  This system is responsible for the transportation of water, nutrients, and organic compounds throughout the plant. It consists of:

  • Xylem: Conducts water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant and provides structural support. It consists of vessels, tracheids, fibers, and parenchyma cells.
  • Phloem: Transports organic nutrients, primarily sugars, produced during photosynthesis to various parts of the plant. It consists of sieve tube elements, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma cells.