Proteins and DNA
Cards (88)
- DNADeoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. It is a long molecule composed of smaller molecules. It is composed of 6 different smaller molecules (Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Deoxyribose, Phosphate Group).
- RNAA single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages
- Genesequence of DNA that codes for a polypeptide or RNA molecule
- Thyminea compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.
- CytosineThe base that pairs with Guanine with DNA
- GuanineThe base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA
- DNA replicationThe process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
- Double HelixThe form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
- Chromosomesthreadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
- protein synthesisthe formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA
- AdenineThe base that pairs with Thymine in DNA
- phosphate groupA chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.
- DeoxyriboseA five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA
- Transcriptionthe proccess of copying a section of dna in order to make proteins
- Translationprocess that decodes mRNA to produce a protein strand
- ChromatinSubstance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
- RiboseA five-carbon sugar present in RNA
- semiconservative replicationMethod of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand
- HelicaseAn enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
- LigaseAn enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment
- DNA PolymeraseEnzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
- RNA PolymeraseEnzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
- Codonthree-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
- DNA Tripleta sequence of three nucleotides eg. ATC, that codes for a particular amino acid
- PolypeptideA polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
- Amino acidcompound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
- tRNAAn RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
- EnzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
- Catalystsubstance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
- Active siteA pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme.
- NucleotideMonomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- Complementary base pairingHydrogen bonding between particular pyrimidines and purines. Adenine & Thymine. Cytosine & Guanine.
- Double helixThe form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
- EukaryoticA cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi, plants and animals).
- ProkaryoticAn organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria.
- Circular chromosomeOften accompanied by smaller rings of DNA called plasmids
- Linear chromosomesGenetic organization of eukaryotes, each a single piece of DNA.
- CentromereRegion of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
- CentrosomeA structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. Contains two centrioles.
- CentrioleCell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only