rise against tostig, 1065

• danelaw: division of england ruled by viking influence
• | context - rise against tostig

  • one problem was culture
  • tostig thought the differences in law & language were unfair
  • tostig felt he could charge people more tax on the behalf of edward
  • north thegns were not fans!
  • power of earls is dependent on their loyalty!
• | causes of 1065 rebellion

  • malcolm of scotland
  • taxation
  • laws
  • tostig's background
• | consequences of rebellion

  • how harold dealt with it
  • why harold dealt it this way
  • tostig's reaction
• | rising against tostig

  • northumbria important bc it large & guarded border with scotland & had a long history of viking attacks & settlement
  • vikings made new invasion attempts from northumbria
• | why did people rise up against tostig?

  • northumbria was part of the danelaw
  • different laws & customs
  • big cultural connections with vikings
• | why did people rise up against tostig?

  • due to cultural differences, northumbrians wanted to be ruled by northerners
  • most anglo kings did not interfere with northumbria
  • northumbrians did not like being rules by a southerner & felt as though tostig didn't understand them
• | where tostig went WRONG1

  • TAXATION
  • northumbria paid fewer taxes
  • tostig raised taxes (might be to pay for his war in Wales) & this caused anger
  • UNFAIR TREATMENT
  • tostig used his legal powers to remove rivals & even abused power to accuse people of crimes to fine them & take their land
  • NEW LAWS
  • introduced laws from south
  • upset northumbrians as they had their own laws
• | why did people rise against tostig

  • PROBLEMS WITH SCOTLAND
  • tostig was friends with malcolm II, king of scotland
  • whilst tostig away in 1061, malcolm invaded northumbria & caused destruction
  • tostig didn't fight back & agreed to peace terms, giving up land
  • POLITICAL MURDERS
• | why did people rise against tostig

  • POLITICAL MURDERS
  • tostig invited 2 thegns to gospatric's hall who were murdered, angering gospatric & complained to edward; murdered in 1064
• | what happened during the risings?

  • thegns rose up against him in october 1065, killing members of his household; pushing south until it became a national issue for edward
  • rebels invited morcar to be earl
  • edward ordered earls to meet rebels in battle & put down rebellion, earls failed to obey & didn't raise armies
  • harold met with rebels & agreed to their demands
  • morcar was made earl of northumbria & tostig was exiled in november 1065
  • harold married morcar's sister & given land from mercia
• | why did harold betray tostig?

  • edward was old & ill; harold likely showed his pwoer by disobeying him to prove he was strong to be next king
  • harold needed a united kingdom to hold off threats from normandy ; war with mercia & northumbria would weaen english defences
  • tostig was a rival to throne
• | summary

  • WHEN?
  • tostig earl in 1055, fell out with his earls_ malcolm invaded 1061_ political murders 1054_ uprising in 1065
  • WHY
  • unpopular bc..
  • from south
  • raised taxes
  • friends with king of scotland
  • murdered thegns
  • WHERE
  • northumbria
  • due to being part of viking danelaw
• | summary

  • WHAT
  • edward sent harold to put down rebellion
  • exiled tostig & made morcar earl
  • tostig exiled to scotland & sided with hadrada in norway in his invasion of 1066
  • harold shown strength, making him a more likely candidate for king