CONCENTRATION

• Solution


  A homogeneous mixture made by dissolving a solute in a solvent
• Solute


  The component of a solution that is lesser in quantity; the substance being dissolved
• Solvent


  The component of a solution that is greater in amount; the dissolving substance of a solution
• Solution


  • 30 g of table salt dissolved in 100 mL of water at 30°C
• Isotonic solution


  • Amount of water transported into the cell equal to the amount of water transported out from the cell
  • Solute concentration inside the cell is equal to the solution outside the cell
• Hypotonic solution


  • Cells inflate and eventually burst
  • Water is transported into the cell
  • Solute concentration inside the cell is higher
• Hypertonic solution


  • Cells shrink
  • Water is transported out from the cell
  • Solute concentration inside the cell is lower
• Unsaturated solution


  • More solute can dissolve
• Saturated solution


  • No more solute can dissolve
• Supersaturated solution


  • Crystals may grow
• Concentrated solution


  A solution with a large amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
• Dilute solution


  A solution with a small amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
• Percent by mass


  The amount of solute in a given mass of solution expressed as grams solute per 100 grams of solution
• Percent by volume


  The amount of solute in a given volume of solution expressed as grams solute per 100 millilitres of solution
• Concentration shows the measure of how much of a given substance is mixed with another substance
• soluble, able to dissolve
• insoluble, not able to dissolve
• miscible, forming homogenous solutions in which the two liquids are not separated
• immiscible, forming heterogeneous mixtures that do not mix together