Monosaccharides

• Ionic bond is the attraction of two oppositely charged ions
• A monosaccharide is a monomer, or single unit, from which larger carbohydrates can be made
• The four monosaccharides are : alpha glucose, beta glucose, galactose and fructose
• During a condensation reaction, a molecule of water is eliminated to form a chemical bond between two molecules.
• A hydrolysis reaction is a reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and uses a water molecule
• -If a sample isn’t a reducing sugar, it won’t affect the Benedict’s reagent.

  -So the resulting solution will remain the original colour of Benedict’s reagent, which is blue.
• Polymerisation : the process by which small molecules, such as monomers, combine chemically to form large network of molecules called polymers
• What is the test and method for reducing sugars?

  • Benedict's reagent

  1. add Benedict's reagent and heat
  2. positive test = solution turns from blue to green, yellow, orange or brick red
• What is the method for non-reducing sugar?

  1. add acid and boil
  2. cool the solution and add alkali to neutralise
  3. add Benedict's reagent and heat
  4. positive test = solution turns from blue to orange/brick red
• What is a reducing sugar?

  A sugar that can donate its electrons to another chemical