Save
AS Psychology
Psychopathology
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Share
Learn
Created by
Eudes-Yorham Koffi
Visit profile
Cards (14)
Definitions of abnormality: deviation from
social norms
, failure to function adequately, statistical infrequency,
deviation from ideal mental health
View source
Social norms
Unwritten behavioral expectations
that vary depending on
culture
, time and context
View source
Social
deviants
Individuals who break the
norms
of their society and are seen as
abnormal
View source
Evaluating
abnormality
using
social norms
does not impose a western view on other non-western cultures
View source
Failure to function
adequately refers to individuals who cannot cope with the day-to-day challenges of
daily life
View source
Statistical infrequency
Someone is mentally
abnormal
if their mental condition is very
rare
in the population
View source
Deviation from ideal mental health
Defined by features like environmental mastery,
autonomy
, resisting stress, self-actualization, positive attitude, and accurate perception of
reality
View source
Characteristics of phobias, depression, and OCD
Phobias:
Behavioral
avoidance
Panic
and
uncontrollable
physical response
Irrational
thoughts and
fears
Depression:
Behavioral
reduction
in
activity
level
Emotional
sadness
Cognitive poor
concentration
and
negative
schemas
OCD:
Behavioral
compulsions
Emotional
anxiety
Cognitive
obsessions
and
hyper vigilance
View source
Behavioral approach to explaining and treating phobias
Acquisition
(classical conditioning):
Phobic object becomes a
conditioned
stimulus that elicits
fear
Maintenance
(operant conditioning):
Avoidance behavior is
negatively
reinforced,
strengthening
the phobic response
Generalization:
Conditioned fear response experienced with
similar
stimuli
View source
Behavioral therapies for phobias
Counter
conditioning (systematic desensitization and flooding):
Replace
fear
association with
relaxation
Gradual exposure
(systematic desensitization) vs
immediate full exposure
(flooding)
View source
Cognitive approach to explaining depression
Beck's negative triad
: negative biases about the self, the world, and the future
Ellis' ABC model
: Activating event, Belief, Consequence
View source
CBT
and drug therapy are equally effective in treating
depression
View source
Biological approach to explaining OCD
Genetic
factors:
Predisposition
due to multiple genes
Neural
factors: Overactive "
worry circuit
" in the brain
View source
Drug therapies for
OCD
SSRIs:
Inhibit
serotonin
reuptake
, normalizing activity in the worry circuit
Benzodiazepines: Enhance
GABA
, slowing the
central
nervous system
Tricyclics and SNRIs:
Increase
serotonin and
noradrenaline
View source