Treaties

• The United Nations is the most pertinent and successful international organization.
• The United Nations was founded


  1945
• The United Nations has 193 member states
• UN Five Organs


  • General Assembly (GA)
  • Security Council (SC)
  • Economic and Social Council
  • Trusteeship Council
  • International Court of Justice
  • Secretariat
• General Assembly (GA)


  • The main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN
• Security Council (SC)


  • Has primary responsibility, under UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security
  • 15 Members (5 permanent, 10 non-permanent)
  • States lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression
• Economic and Social Council


  • The Principal Body for coordination policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social, and environmental issues, as well as the implementation of internationally agreed development goals
  • 54 Members elected by GA with 3 years term
• Trusteeship Council


  • To provide international supervision for Trust Territories that had been placed under seven member states and ensure adequate steps were taken to prepare the territories for self-government and independence
• International Court of Justice


  • The principal judicial organ of the UN
  • Located at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands)
  • Settle in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by states
• Secretariat


  • Comprises of Secretary-General and thousands of UN staff members
  • Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer
• Treaty of Westphalia signed


  1644-1648
• Treaty of Westphalia


  A series of peace agreements marking the end of the Thirty Years' War and Eighty Years' War
• The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial
• The Eighty Years' War was the war of Netherlands independence from Spain
• The Treaty of Westphalia aimed to bring an end to decades of religious, dynastic, and territorial conflicts in Europe
• Final agreements of the Treaty of Westphalia signed


  January 30, 1648
• Treaty of Westphalia negotiation


  Negotiated by representatives from various European powers including Spain, Dutch Republic, France, Holy Roman Empire, Sweden, Austria, Papacy
• Treaty of Westphalia


  • Deterred religious tolerance, territorial boundaries, and the balance of power among European states
• Period when the Concert of Europe operated

  1814 to 1914
• Concert of Europe


  A diplomatic framework established after the Napoleonic wars, consisting of the UK, Russia, Austria, Prussia, and later France, to maintain peace and stability in Europe
• Formation of the League of Nations


  June 28, 1919
• Extinction of the League of Nations

  April 18, 1946
• League of Nations

  An international organization established after World War I with the goal of promoting peace and resolving disputes through diplomacy and collective security
• League of Nations


  Relied on diplomatic negotiations, economic sanctions, and the cooperation of member states to enforce its resolutions and maintain peace
• United Nations founded by 51 nations


  1945
• United Nations


  An international organization founded in 1945 to maintain world peace, consisting of 193 member states
• United Nations


  Aims to address international issues through diplomacy, peacekeeping operations, humanitarian aid, and international law
• The 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council (US, Russia, UK, France, China) have veto power to cancel or postpone decisions