troubles at home and abroad

• How did Elizabeth's relatives create a religious disaster?

  - henry viii's reformation made england protestant

  - edward made practices Protestant through book of common prayer

  - Mary made England catholic for 5 years and martyred 300 Protestants
• What was the Book of Common Prayer?

  it imposed a moderate form of protestant service but preserved many Catholic doctrines and radical Protestant views
• What was the religious settlement?

  Compromise between Catholics and Protestants
• Who did Elizabeth make the archbishop during the religious settlement?

  Matthew Parker - a moderate Protestant
• What was the Act of Supremacy?

  Compromise which made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England rather than head of church
• What were the benefits of the act of supremacy to Protestants?

  - members of the clergy had to take an loath of loyalty to Elizabeth and the Church of England

  - clergy's were monitored by a court of high commission
• What were the benefits of the act of supremacy to catholics?

  - could still view pope as head of church

  - followed pre reformation episcopal structure of 2 arch bishops and bishops
• What is the evidence that the act of supremacy was a compromise?

  - using the term "governor" kept the catholics appeased

  - catholics still saw pope as head of church
• What is the Act of Uniformity 1559?


  It set out a strict set of instructions to end feud by establishing what was essential for the Anglican Church and those who didn't follow would be fined one shilling
• What were the benefits of the act of uniformity 1559 to Protestants?


  - used book of common prayer which contained radical Protestant ideas

  - bible and services were in English

  - clergy could marry

  - old catholic practices were banned (pilgrimages and saint imagery)

  - no special prayers for saints
• What were the benefits of the act of uniformity 1559 to catholics?


  - alter was replaced with communion table

  - priests wore traditional catholic vestments

  - churches were decorated

  - communions were allowed
• What is the evidence that the act of uniformity was a compromise?

  The book of common prayer was moderated with less radical views
• What are recusants?


  Anyone who refused to attend the Protestant services and practiced Catholicism privately
• Who were the Puritans?

  Strict protestants, who wanted to purify the Anglican Church by removing any catholic elements
• What Is one thing puritans had an issue with?

  - What bishops should wear

  - puritans preferred plan clothings whilst bishops wore surplices

  - they were forced to accept this in 1566

  - if they don't comply they had their positions removed
• How did puritans want to make the world more godly?

  Banning sinful activities such as theatre

  Making the poor get themselves out of poverty as they saw hard work and money as a sign of gods favour
• Who were Presbyterians?


  followers of John Knox who refused to accept Elizabeth's changes after 1568
• Who were some powerful puritans?

  Sir Francis Walsingham- queens senior minster and spymaster

  Robert Dudley- privy councillor and potential husband

  Peter wentworth - Presbyterian mp
• What is separatism?


  When puritans disassociated with the church and tried to form there own
• What were some puritans churches formed?

  1580 separist church in Norwich

  1592 church in london
• Who was archbishop grindal?

  - Archbishop in the 1570s

  - encourage prophesying meetings between clergy's

  - suspended in 1577 after refusing to ban prophesying
• What were purtitan tracts?

  - pamphlets that criticised the queen and church

  - accused Elizabeth and her government of being anti Christian
• What puritan beliefs and practices did the queen dislike?

  - idea of predestination

  - puritan practices

  - prophesying
• How did Elizabeth respond to puritan threat?

  - destroyed puritan printing presses in 1572

  - in 1576 banned mps from discussing religion

  - imprisoned wentworth

  - placed grindal on house arrest
• Who was archbishop whitgift?

  Archbishop from 1583 to 1604 who opposed Puritanism
• How did whitgift deal with Puritanism?

  - in 1589 banned puritan preaching in London and printing presses were closed

  - 1593 act against seditious sectaries

  - many puritans arrested and imprisoned
• What was the Act against Seditious Sectaries?

  gave the authorities the power to imprison, banish and even execute suspected separatists
• What is pragmatic?


  dealing with things realistically and solution focused
• When was the Papal Bull of Excommunication?

  April 1570 by Pope Pius V
• What was the Papal Bull of Excommunication?

  He called up catholics to rise up against Elizabeth's rule and rid the throne of that "pretended queen of England"
• How did English catholics respond to the papal bull?

  Caused an internal conflict in wether they were loyal to their queen or pope
• Who was William Allen?


  A catholic who set up a seminary in the Netherlands this train priests and send them to England to convert the country
• When was the first douai priest sent to England?


  1574
• Who were the Jesuits?


  Members of the Society of Jesus who sent missionaries to England from 1580
• How did jesuits act in England?

  - aimed to educate and influence the rich

  - printed books, encouraged recuancy and smuggled priests
• Who were the first Jesuit's in England?

  Edmund campion and Robert Parsons
• Were the jesuits really a threat?

  campion claimed he didn't want a rebellion but just to spread his message
• Who was Edmund Campion?

  A Jesuit priest who came to England but was arrested, hung and quarried after holding catholic mass in homes of important catholic families
• Who was Mary Queen of Scots?

  - Catholic, possible figurehead who had legit claim to English

  - cousin of Elizabeth

  - No doubt about legitimacy, born in wedlock, unlike Elizabeth

  - Brought up in France and marries French heir
• Northern Rebellion 1569


  - Because Elizabeth banned the Duke of Norfolk from marryingMQS- led by 2 northern Nobels- held an illegal mass in Durham cathedral with 4600 men-northumbland was executed, westmoorland escaped and Norfolk was imprisoned