spain vs england

• How did marriage heighten tensions between Spain + England

  - King phillip + bloody Mary got married to build a catholic heir but Mary died childless

  - Phillip proposed to Elizabeth but she rejected him
• How did religion heighten tensions between Spain + England?

  - Opposing religious ideas = ideological conflict

  -Philip followed the popes orders and excommunicated Elizabet
• How did the actions of sailors heighten tensions between Spain + England?

  - Sir Francis Drake spent years raiding Spanish ports (Cadiz in 1587 )

  - privateer licences encouraged piracy
• Dutch Revolt (1566-1609)


  - 80 year war

  - Philip sent 10,000 troops in 1566 to deal with rebels brutality

  - the Protestant Dutch opposed Hasburg rule
• Why did England get involved in the Dutch revolt?

  They relied heavily on cloth trade in Antwerp, trade restrictions damaged English business, ally of Protestant nations, if they turned catholic England would be under threat
• How did England support the Dutch

  - Privately to avoid war

  - allowed rebel ships to harbour in England

  - English privateers harassed Spain
• How did tensions turn into war

  - Waisingham + Dudley commanded military action

  - both sides had formal alliances

  -Protestant support in the Netherlands was struggling
• Treaty of Joinville 1584


  Catholic France and Spain joined together against the Netherlands and England
• Treaty of Nonsuch 1585


  Alliance between England and rebels where England sent 7000 troops officially starting the war
• What did naval superiority rely on?

  1- size of fleet

  2- tactics

  3- technology
• How and Spain + England maximise their fleet sizes?

  - Henry VIII and John Hawkins invested in Englands navy

  - Phillip was dedicated to making his navy the most powerful
• Causes of the Spanish Armada

  - Religious differences

  - marriage resection

  - piracy

  -Spain supporting catholic pious

  - Dutch revolt
• When is the Spanish Armada launched

  - 1588

  - 151 ships, 7000 sailors, 34000 soldiers and tones of weapons for the battles in England.

  - The ships would collect more men in the Netherlands then sail in an unbreakable crescent
• How did the English strike first?

  Sir Francis drake sent 8 fireships into the Spanish ships who were waiting for more ships On the 7th august
• Battle of Gravelines

  Battle in which the Spanish Armada is damaged and retaliate by the English on 8th August 1588
• The storm

  - A storm hit the retaliating armada leaving them with rotten food, polluted water and no maps

  - survivors who reached Scotland/Ireland were slaughtered

  - 65/151 ships returned to spai n
• What tactics did England use?

  - Fireships to break formation and make ships vulnerable

  - bombardment of cannons made regrouping impossible

  - faster ships + skilled commanders
• What mistakes did the Spanish make?

  - Ships were designed for Mediterranean and couldn't cope with channel/north sea

  - delayed in Netherlands

  - weapons were land use only

  - commander was inexperienced
• Consequences of the armada

  -England seen as strongest naval power

  -Made more trade routes

  -Boosted Elizabeths popularity (catholics declared loyalty to her)

  - Phillip threatened a second attempt