Quiz 3

• English as a global language:

  • does not belong to just one country
  • does not belong solely to descendants of English settlers
  • is an official language of countries populated by few descendants of native speakers of English
• global language:

  • a language achieves a genuine global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country
• achieve global status:

  • the language can be made an official language used for communication in government, law, medicine and education
  • made a priority in foreign language teaching
• how does a language become global:

  • military
  • economic
  • technological
  • cultural power
• the spread of English:

  • spread throughout the colonies of the British Empire
  • used in commerce, diplomacy. science, technology and education
  • colonies gained independence
  • 20th century - economic and cultural dominance of USA
  • 21st century - english is more widely spoken and written
• shift in dynamic of language spread:

  • 20th century - little to do with military more to do with economic, technology and culture
  • late 20th century - added internet, social media and the internationalization of education and research
• pros of global language:

  • for trade
  • for international diplomacy and politics
  • for international law
  • for education and research
  • for travel and tourism
• cons of global language:

  • linguistic power - who speaks the language has advantage
  • linguistics complacency - L1 speakers dont learn other languages
  • linguistic death - increase disappearance of minority languages
• what do you need for writing:

  • language
  • idea
  • symbols
  • medium
• what is writing:

  • writing systems have arbitrary conventional systematic structures recorded in a distinct medium
• conventions:

  • direction
  • spacing
  • punctuation
  • capital letters
• 2 main differences between written and spoken language:

  • speaking and learning a language isnt dependent on writing, but writing is dependent on speaking
  • speech is natural to humans and a nonconscious process
• describe 3 ways written language has impacted culture:

  • preserves ideas
  • more suited for revision and editing
  • share information
  • allows more complex calculations than spoken language
• pictogra, Vs morphogram:

  • pictogram describes nouns (knife) - do not represent language
  • morphogram describes more than just nouns (hunting) - extension of pictogram
• logographic system:

  • images and symbols represent words
  • mandarin
• phonographic system:

  • symbols represent sounds
• 3 subclasses of photographic writing system:

  • segmental
  • syllabic
  • alphabetic
• Segmental:

  • Abugidas - consonants are written and the shape of the consonant is modified with vowels
  • bangali & burmese
  • Abjads - consonants are written but the vowels are not written
  • arabic
• Syllabic:

  • each written symbol represents a syllable
  • japanese
• Alphabetic:

  • each written symbol represents a sound
  • english