Individualistic theories of criminality

• Sigman Freud - tripartite personality, there are three parts of our personality (ID,EGO,SUPEREGO) and if they do not develop correctly it can create deviant behaviour later on in life
• ID - devil, pleasure principle , unconscious, innate , demands gratification
• EGO - referee , always battling the ID AND SUPEREGO , 18m-3yrs, realist, rational balance , pre/conscious
• SUPEREGO - the conscience, the moral sense, the part of the personality that is concerned with the preservation of the self and the maintenance of social order, PRE/CONCIOUS/UNCONCIOUS , learnt through interactions , angel , 5yrs old
• SUPEREGO too powerful - will seek punishment , insecure
• DEVIANT SUPEREGO- socialised into a criminal family learn criminal / deviant morals
• Behaviourist intervention - OPERANT CONDITIONING > criminal behaviour is learnt through reinforcement and punishment
• TOKEN ECONOMY OPERANT CONDITIONING - applied policies, behaviour modifications programme used in prisons using positive reinforcement (tokens given for cigarettes etc)
• TOKEN ECONOMY CRIME CONTROL - given for desirable behaviour, e.g. obeying the rule , give rewards to encourage
• TOKEN ECONOMY EFFECTIVE - some studies show improvement in behaviour however when they leave prison they are not rewarded for desirable behaviour therefore they retreat to roots