Eukaryotic cells

• What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

  • Nuclear envelope (double membrane)
  • Nuclear pores
  • Nucleoplasm
  • Chromosomes
  • Nucleolus (smaller sphere inside that is the  site of rNA production)
  • Site of DNA replication and store of genetic material
• What is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Folded membranes called cisternae
  • Synthesises and modify lipids and carbohydrates
• What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Folded membranes called cisternae studded with ribosomes
  • Synthesises, and modify proteins
• What is the structure and function of the golgi apparatus?

  • Made of folded membranes called cisternae
  • Packages proteins and lipids into vesicles to be transported out the cell
• What is the structure and function of a lysosome?

  • Sack of enzymes
  • Digests cell debris, pathogens in phagocytosis and autolysis (cell self-destruction)
• What is the structure and function of the mitochondria?

  • Double membrane
  • Inner membrane called cristae
  • Area inside called the matrix
  • Contains mitochondrial DNA which is different to humans
  • Site of aerobic respiration
  • Site of ATP production
• What is the structure and function of ribosomes?

  • Made up of rRNA and proteins
  • 80s large ribosomes in eukaryotic cells
  • 70s small ribosomes in prokaryotic cells mitochondria and chloroplast
  • Site of protein Synthesis
• What is the structure and function of the vacuole?

   

  • Fluid surrounded by a single membrane called a tonoplast
  • Temporary store of sugars and amino acids
  • Provides support
  • Makes the cell turned
  • Only found in plant cells
• What is the structure and function of chloroplast?

  • Double membrane
  • Contains thylakoids which are folded membranes with pigment
  • Thylakoids stack into granum
  • Fluid in stroma
  • Site of photosynthesis
• What is the structure and function of a cell wall?

  • In plant and fungi cells
  • Plant cell walls are made of cellulose
  • Fungi cell walls are amde of chitin
  • Provide structure and strength to the cell
• What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?

  • Made of a phospholipid bilayer
  • Controls what enters and leaves the cell