perdev

• Adolescence


  The developmental stage between childhood and adulthood
• Stages of adolescence


  • Early adolescence (ages around 10 to 13)
  • Middle adolescence (ages from 14 to 16)
  • Late adolescence (ages from 17 to 20)
• American psychologists define early adolescence as age 11 or 12, and late adolescence as about age 18
• The age definition of adolescence is not a cut-and-dried rule as some persons mature ahead of others, or some experience delayed maturity due to factors like genetics, environment or economic conditions
• Erik Erickson's eight stages of personality development


  Each stage has a crisis or conflict that either gets resolved or may be left unresolved, resulting in favorable or unfavorable outcomes
• Erickson's eight stages of personality development


  • Infancy (from birth to 18 months)
  • Early Childhood (18 months to 3 years)
  • Late Childhood (3-5 years)
  • School Age (6-12 years)
  • Adolescence (12-20 years)
  • Young Adulthood (20-25 years)
  • Adulthood (25-65 years)
  • Maturity (65 years to death)
• Trust vs. Mistrust


  (Infancy) Being able to trust others when primary caregiver (usually the mother) provide caring, attention, and love vs. Mistrusting others, withdrawal or estrangement
• Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt


  (Early Childhood) Develops self control and physical skills and sense of independence without losing self-esteem vs. Compulsive self-restraint or compliance, Willfulness and defiance, Failure will result in feelings of shame and doubt
• Initiative vs. Guilt


  (Late Childhood) Learns that being assertive, using power and being purposeful can influence their environment vs. When using too much power and control, might experience disapproval resulting in lack of self-confidence and sense of guilt, Develops sense of purpose, Starts to evaluate one's behavior, Pessimism, fear or being wrongly judged
• Industry vs. Inferiority


  (School Age) Learns how to cope with the school environment and its demands, Learns how to create, develop and manipulate vs. Loss of hope, sense of being mediocre, Develops feeling of inferiority, Withdrawal from school and peers
• Identity vs. Role Confusion

  (Adolescence) Develops a sense of self and identity, Plans to actualize one's abilities, Develops the ability to stay true to oneself vs. Feeling of confusion, indecisiveness and anti-social behavior, Weak sense of self
• Intimacy vs. Isolation


  (Young Adulthood) Develops a strong need to form intimate, loving relationships with a group of people or with another person, Develops strong relationships, Learns commitment to work another person or group vs. Impersonal, weak relationships, Avoidance of relationship or career, or lifestyle commitments, May result in isolation and loneliness
• Generativity vs. Stagnation


  (Adulthood) Creates or nurtures things that will outcast them, either by having children or creating a positive change that benefits others, Creativity, productivity, feeling of usefulness and accomplishment and concern for others vs. Self-indulgence, self-concern or lack of interests and commitments, Shallow involvement in the world, pessimism
• Integrity vs. Despair


  (Maturity) Sense of fulfillment as one looks back in one's life and develops feeling of wisdom, Acceptance of worth and uniqueness of one's own life, Acceptance of the inevitability of death and transitioning vs. Sense of loss, contempt for others, May result in regret, bitterness and despair