BIology 4.2.1- Biodiversity

• What are natural factors that affect biodiversity

  Mutation: Single base or chromosomal

  Gene flow

  Genetic drift: Founder effect or genetic bottleneck

  Natural selection

  (Selective breeding)
• How does human population affect biodiversity

  Deforestation- permanent removal of large areas of forest

  Agriculture- Large amounts of land cleared, often for monoculture

  Climate change- Increasing atmospheric temperature, affecting habitats and weather
• What is a locus

  Location of an allele on a chromosome
• What is simpson's diversity index

  a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species

  D = 1 - sum(n/N)^2
• High diversity vs low diversity on simpson's index

  High: close to 1 with a high species richness and high species evenness

  Low: close to 0 with a low species richness and low species evenness
• Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation

  In situ: Conservation in the normal habitat or environment of the organism

  Ex situ: Conservation not in the natural environment
• Examples of in situ conservation

  Marine conservation zones

  Wildlife reserves
• Examples of ex situ conservation

  Seed banks

  Botanic gardens

  Zoos