Science (cell cycle)

• Cell division occurs through mitosis or meiosis.
• Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
• Cell cycle

  Series of events that takes place in a cell, resulting in the duplication of DNA
• Cell cycle discovered by Provost and Dumas while studying the cleavage of zygote of frog

  1824
• Typical eukaryotic cell cycle

  • Interphase
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
• Interphase

  Time during which the cell prepares for division, both cell growth and DNA
• Phases of interphase

  • G1 phase
  • S phase
  • G2 phase
• Mitosis

  1. Prophase

  2. Metaphase

  3. Anaphase

  4. Telophase
• Cell division

  When a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells
• Mitosis

  • Two daughter cells are formed from the parent cell
  • Also known as equational division, the chromosome number in the parent cell and daughters are the same
  • Mitosis leads to growth of vegetative parts of plants like root tip, stem tip, etc.
  • Segregation and combination do not occur
• Interphase is a period of growth and DNA synthesis before the onset of prophase
• Telophase is followed by cytokinesis, which denotes the division of the cytoplasm
• Mitosis helps in the development of the zygote into an adult
• Mitosis is responsible for the equal distribution of chromosomes
• Mitosis maintains the constant number of chromosomes
• Mitosis is the process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically different gametes from one parent cell.
• The stages of mitosis include interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
• Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle where DNA replication takes place.
• Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle where DNA replication takes place.
• The stages of mitosis are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
• Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs.
• Meiosis

  Type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
• Meiosis I

  1. Prophase 1

  2. Metaphase 1

  3. Anaphase 1

  4. Telophase 1

  5. Cytokinesis 1
• Prophase 1

  • Nuclear envelope disintegrates, chromosomes begin to condense, spindle fibres appear
• Metaphase 1

  • Homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate, ensuring genetic diversity among offspring
• Anaphase 1

  • Homologous chromosomes are pulled towards opposite poles
• Telophase 1

  • Spindle fibres disappear, nuclear envelope is formed
• Cytokinesis 1

  • Cytoplasm divides, resulting in two non-identical daughter cells
• Meiosis results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell