Mughal Empire

• Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur Mirza - founder of the Mughal Empire
• Babur meaning "the lion"
• Babur - many Hindu temples were built
• Babur - loves nature and built many beautiful gardens and parks for parties
• Humayun - son of Babur
• Humayun - lost power and was forced to exile, but he continued to strengthen and power the empire
• Humayun passed away after falling from the stairs
• Akbar - was only 15 years old when his father passed away
• Akbar - at the age of 18, he took direct control of the empire
• Akbar - tried to establish a policy and peace
• Akbar - had to deal with Afghan-Turkish aristocracy (high class people) and the ulama (Muslim spiritual leaders)
• Akbar - initiated a court religion called the Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith)
• Akbar - allowed widow marriages, outlawed the practice of sati (widow-burning)
• Akbar - great admirer of art and literature
• Akbar - his reign was threatened by the rebellion of his son, Jahangir
• Jahangir - strengthened the empire
• Jahangir - loved fine arts, dance, music, painting etc.
• Jahangir- good writer in music
• Jahangir - married women form very high class
• Jahangir - Urdu, Persian vocabulary, and Hindu grammatical structure was adopted as the official language
• Jahangir - he passed away due to severe cold weather
• Shah Jahan - focused in artistic projects especially architecture
• Shah Jahan - concentrated in the city of Delhi
• Shah Jahan - the loss of much needed taxes made the empire lose its grip. So, the rebellions erupted
• Shah Jahan - constructed the Taj Mahal in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal
• Aurangzeb - eliminated his brothers from their positions and imprisoned his father
• Aurangzeb - imposed a stricter conduct of Islamic teachings
• Aurangzeb - he was not lavish in his lifestyle and did not construct architecture
• Aurangzeb - disliked music and banned it
• Aurangzeb - unappreciative of science and technology
• Europeans eventually conquest the whole subcontinent of India