de industrialisation and decline of traditional industries

• for several decades, the UK has been experiencing de-industrialisation, which is the decline in traditional forms of industry, often accompanied by increased unemployment
• in the uk, de industrialisation has happened because:

  • machines and technology have replaced many people in modern industries, for example, car production
  • other countries can produce cheaper goods because labour is less expensive
  • lack of investment, high labour costs and out - dated machinery made UK products too expensive
• there were thriving shipyards on the rivers Tyne and Wear in Newcastle and Sunderland. they closed down one by one as the shipbuilding industry moved to south Korea and china, now theyre all gone
• the iron and steel industry grew close to supplies of coal, limestone and iron ore. when the shipyards closed, demand for steel fell too and the last steelworks closed in 2015