Migration people on the move ch19

• Migration


  The movement of people from one place to another
• Migrant


  A person who leaves one place for another
• Internal migration


  When people migrate within the same country or region
• International migration


  When people migrate from one country to another
• Emigrant


  A person who leaves one country to live in another
• Immigrant


  A person who comes to live in one country from another
• Causes of migration


  • Economic
  • Social
  • Political
  • Environmental
• Economic migration


  Moving to find work or follow a particular career path
• Social migration


  Moving somewhere for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends
• Political migration


  Moving to escape political persecution or war
• Environmental migration


  Causes include natural disasters such as flooding or famine
• Refugee


  Someone who feels they cannot return to their country because they might be persecuted
• Asylum


  Seeking refugee status in another country
• Push factor


  What makes someone want to leave a place
• Pull factor


  What attracts people to live in a place
• Push factors


  • Lack of job opportunities
  • Lack of services
  • Lack of facilities
  • Poverty
  • War
  • Crop failure
  • Drought
  • Flooding
  • High crime
• Pull factors


  • Higher employment
  • More wealth
  • Better services
  • Good climate
  • Safer/less crime
  • Political stability
  • More fertile land
  • Lower risk from natural hazards
• Voluntary migration


  When people choose to migrate
• Forced migration


  When people do not have a choice and have to migrate
• Individual migration


  When a person chooses to move from one place to another
• Barriers to migration


  • Poverty
  • Personal reasons
  • Visas
• Migration usually happens as a result of a combination of push and pull factors
• When large numbers of people choose to migrate from an area, it has a huge impact on that area</b>
• The area giving people to another area is sometimes referred to as the donor region
• Marriage rates go into decline and birth rates drop when people migrate from an area
• Schools may close down if there are not enough students due to migration from an area
• It becomes more difficult to attract industry because of a 'brain drain' of young people from an area
• Farms become less productive without young people to develop them
• Immigrants make valuable contributions to places they move to
• Immigrants bring a wide range of skills and add to the workforce
• Immigrants pay taxes, increasing government revenue
• Immigration can put pressure on services, housing, and facilities in the host region
• Schools in rural areas are forced to close when pupil numbers drop
• Other facilities may also close and sports clubs may find it difficult to keep their teams going
• During the recession in Ireland many GAA clubs in rural Ireland found it difficult to put together a team because so many young people had emigrated
• It becomes more difficult to attract industry because there is a 'brain drain' of young people
• The average age of farmers in Ireland is 56 years and only 25 per cent of farmers are under 45 years old
• Farmers tend to use more traditional methods which may not be so productive
• Brain drain


  Educated people leave an area, causing a lack of educated workforce
• They bring a wide range of skills, and add to the workforce