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topic 7-Electromagnetism + magnetism
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Physics > topic 7-Electromagnetism + magnetism
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Differences between types of electromagnetic (EM) waves
They make them
useful
to us in
different
ways
There's a
continuous
spectrum of
EM waves
EM
waves
Waves
that
transfer energy
EM waves
They travel at the
same
speed (the speed of light)
They can be classified into different types based on their
frequency
and
wavelength
Types of EM waves
Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma ray
EM waves are generated by a variety of
changes
in
atoms
and their nuclei
Different
EM waves
are used for different purposes due to their different
properties
Refraction
Waves changing
direction
at a
boundary
Refraction
When a wave
crosses
a
boundary
between materials at an angle, it changes direction
How much it's
refracted
depends on how much the wave
speeds
up or slows down, which usually depends on the density of the two materials
If a wave crosses into a material and slows down, it will
bend
towards the normal. If it
speeds up
, it will bend away from the normal
The
wavelength
of a wave changes when it is
refracted
, but the frequency stays the same
If the wave is traveling along the normal, it will
change speed
but not be
refracted
The
optical density
of a material is a measure of how
quickly
light can travel through it
Constructing a ray diagram for refracted light
1. Draw the
boundary
between the two materials and the
normal
2. Draw the incident ray and the angle of
incidence
3. Draw the
refracted
ray on the other
side
of the boundary
Smooth surfaces like
mirrors
give clear reflections, while rough surfaces like paper cause
diffuse reflection
The angle of
incidence
always equals the angle of
reflection
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