biology

• The passive movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. This happens along a concentration gradient

  diffusion
• A passive movement of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane. Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

  Osmosis
• An active movement where an input of energy is required. Particles move from low concentration to high concentration


  Active transport
• when a cell has shrunk

  Plasmolyse
• Cell may explode under pressure due to a hypotonic solution.

  Turgid
• A form of endocytosis where a cell engulfs solids into a cell

  Phagocytosis
• The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life

  metabolism
• The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring.

  heredity.
• network or tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell with a smooth surface; functions in a variety of different metabolic processes such as synthesis of lipids, oils, phospholipid and steroids; process drugs, alcohol, and store calcium ions


  Smooth Er
• network of tubular membanes within the cytoplasm of the cell with a rough surface (ribosomes are attached to it); helps the ribosomes make proteins, such as insulin


  Rough er
• tiny structures within the cell that carry out specific functions

  Organelles
• forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings; made if phospholipids

  plasma membrane
• oval-shaped organelle that contains DNA and controls much of the cell's activities by directing protein synthesis


  Nucleus
• carries out cellular respiration; rod-shaped organelle that makes energy for the cell to function with; converts the energy stored in food to energy the cell can use (ATP); "powerhouse" of cell


  Mitochondrion
• sac-like organelle that holds water, food and organisms; can also store waste products until removed


  vacuole
• green structure that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to energy that cells can use in making food.


  chloroplast
• plant, bacteria or archea cell


  prokaryote
• animal cell with nucleus


  eukaryote
• small grain-shaped organelle that produces proteins


  ribosomes
• thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out; found in animal cells


  cell mebrane
• the thick fluid region of a cell inside the membrane or next to the nucleus


  cytoplasm
• rigid layer surrounding the cells of plants

  cell wall
• made of many cells

  multicellular
• single-celled organism

  unicellular
• the appendages that propel certain cells


  cilia
• networks of protein fibers that extend through the cell


  cytoskelton
• chemical activities of cells

  cellular metabolism
• Adenine Triphosphate - main energy source for cellular work


  ATP
• What type of cell is this?

  plant cell

  
• what plant is this?

  animal cell

  
• magnification- how much bigger the image is than the actual object, how much bigger the image is than the actual object, how much bigger the image is than the actual object
• resolution-the smallest change in a quantity that gives a charge in the reading that can be seen.  
• magnification= image size/ actual size x 1000
• size of real object= size of image/ magnification
• Which of the following is NOT a structure found in human cells:W) mitochondrionX) cell wallY) lysosomeZ) peroxisome

  X)cell wall
• What organelle functions to isolate a human cell's chromosomes from the cytoplasm?

  Nucleus
• What is the basic unit of life?

  cell
• In what organelle of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?

  chloroplast
• It is generally believed that most of the oxygen in the air on Earth today came from what general biological process

  photsynthesis
• What is the most common term for the biological polymer found in chromosomes that stores genetic information?

  DNA