insect rep

• MOSQUITO - causes dengue and japanese encephalitis
• INSECT REPELLANTS - protect us from insects
• TRADITIONAL INSECT REPELLANTS - smoke and pyrethrum
• Waste plant materials are frequently burned in Sri Lanka as mosquito repellant.
• In Solomon Islands, a fire with coconut husks and papaya leaves is a form of personal protection from

  mosquitoes.
• Wood fires and smudge pots are used in Myanmar.
• Herbs are thrown in fire in China.
• In Papua New Guinea, burning local wood and leaves (mango wood, coconut husks, wild ginger leaves and betel

  nut leaves) can repel mosquitoes.
• Smoke also reduced sand fly density in East Africa.
• Smoke is also used to drive away biting insects in South East Asia.
• Pyrethrum

  ● Natural plant oil from two species of pyrethrum daisy.
• The insecticidal component – six esters (pyrethrins)
• six esters (pyrethrins) – found in tiny oilcontaining glands on the surface of seed case in the flower head.
• DMP

  ● Chemical Name: dimethyl phthalate

  ● Patented in 1929 as fly repellant

  ● Significant protection against scrub chiggers

  ● Resulted to hot and restricted vision on head nets of troops
• Indalone

  
  

  ● Patented in 1937
• Rutgers 612

  ● Chemical Name: 2-ethyl-1,3-hexadiol

  ● Available on 1939

  ● Voluntarily removed in USA and Canada markets showing poor lung expansion in the offspring of exposed

  mammal
• 6-2-2 or M-250

  ● 6 parts DMP, 2 parts Indalone and 2 part of Rutgers 612

  ● Mild developmental toxicity after cutaneous administration to pregnant rats
• Citridiol

  ● Can be extracted from lemon eucalyptus oil – from the leaves of the lemon eucalyptus tree

  ● Natural occurring substance – para-menthane-3,8-diol known as PMD. Most effective botanical insect repellant
• Citronellol and Geraniol

  ● Can be extracted from citronella oil – from a natural plant obtained from the species of Cymbopogon lemongrasses. Has short duration of action
• DEET - gold standard repellant
• DEET - most used and principle repellant
• IR-3535 or MERK 3535- created by Merck in 1975
• IR-3535/MERCK 3535 - biopesticide with no recorded adverse reaction
• PRICARIDIN - invented by BAYER in 1980
• PRICARIDIN - low toxicity, colorless, odorless and feels pleasant to the skin
• PRICARIDIN - designated as the repellant of choice for malaria prevention by WHO