Henry VIII & Wolsey

• How was Wolsey able to showcase his ability before he was even an adult?

  He got his first degree, in Theology from Oxford (Magdalene College)at the age of 15
• Wolsey made his mark in H7 government as well, being set on a diplomatic mission to Netherlands & Scotland, what title did he have upon H8 accession?

  Dean of Lincoln
• Wolsey's ability could not go past his religious conviction, showcased in what year when the Great Matter kickstarted?

  1527
• Luckily, who died which meant that Wolsey could take the role of Chaplain to Sir Richard Nanfan?

  Dean in 1503
• Due to luck, H8 grew tired of his fathers old councillors, like who, so H8 was looking for new talent?

  Archbishop Warham & Bishop Fox
• Wolsey's humble origins as an Ipswich butchers boy, backtracked how?

  Nobles - like 'Henry's minions' - resented him, since they knew he could get close to the King
• How did Wolsey have a pragmatic personality?

  He perused an expedition to invade France, despite him personally disagreeing with it
• In 1513, Wolsey arranged over how many soldiers to invade where in France, prevailing his practical personality?

  12,000 soldiers set sail for Gascony
• Wolsey's personality was not what landed him in a position alongside the King, since in 1509 who assisted Wolsey's o become Royal Almoner?

  Bishop Fox
• The Anglo-French War (1512), H8 & Ferdinand planned an invasion to regain Aquitaine, what else did H8 do?

  Sent 12,000 troops under the Marquis of Dorset to capture Bayonne
• However the Anglo-French war backfired since there was a failed invasion, this led to what?

  Anglo-French Treaty of 1514
• When was the Battle of Flodden?

  1513
• What happened in the Battle of Flodden (1513)?

  • James IV tried to invade England BUT the Earl of Surrey beat them
  • James IV was killed
  • H8 sister - Margaret - was now regent with her son James V
• What negated the foreign superiority when England had over Scotland?

  1295 Auld Alliance
• When was the Field of Cloth and Gold?

  1520
• Who wanted to secure H8 as an ally in the Field of Cloth and Gold (1520)?

  Francis & Charles
• Over how many nobles attended the Field of Cloth and Gold (1520)?

  Over 3000
• During the Field of Cloth and Gold (1520) Charles V had a secret meeting with H8 desperately asking for assurance of neutrality, where was this?

  Gravelines
• After the Diplomatic revolution & Pavia (1525) Charles captured Francis but what did H8 do?

  Sided with France - Francis leading to the Treaty of More
• What did the Treaty of More (1525) state?

  All rights of English kings to the French throne were to be abandoned, in return for a pension
• Wolsey tried to increase royal finances from crown lands but due to overuse of patronage the income had dropped from what to?

  From £400,000 TO £25,000
• When was the Act of Resumption passed, which returned some of the lands to the crown?

  1515
• How much did Wolsey raise, which did not cover the £1.7 million spent between 1509-20 on wars?


  • £322,000 in subsidies
  • £240,000 in clerical taxation
  • £260,000 in forced loans
• What did the Court of Star Chamber do?

  Hear cases involving nobility; the number of cases increased to 120 from 12 (in H7 reign) annually
• What did the Court of Chancery (1519) do? 


  Dealt with cases by the poor
• How did Wolsey sometimes use legal courts to further his own position?

  Wolsey threatened to confiscate Sir Amyas Paulet if he left London without his permission, since Paulet once outed Wolsey in the stocks, when he was a priest
• What administration system did Wolsey introduce with helped improve the royal finances of the privy chamber?

  Eltham Ordinances (1526)
• Since H8 left Wolsey to do the day-to-day governmental jobs, what did this simultaneously lead to?

  He could undermine political opponents like 'Henry's minions' who aided H8 ruggish lifestyle
• Yet, the Eltham Ordinances (1526) also aided Wolsey's influence, how?


  It limited the number of Gentlemen of the privy Chamber from 12 to 6
• The Church became more centralised under Wolsey since he was Second in Command to the King, what other title did he obtain?

  Papal Legate (legat a legatre)
• How many relgious houses did Wolsey close down, and with the funds built Cardinal College, Oxford and a grammar school in Ipswich?

  29 religious houses
• Wolsey used the Church to fund his luxurious and pluralist lifestyle, how?

  He became the Bishop of Durham in 1523 & Bishop of Winchester in 1529, both provided him a good income
• What Bible verse aided H8 belief that his marriage to Catharine was against God's law?

  Leviticus 20:21
• H8 Bible was highly annotated, what title was he granted which revealed his religious convictions?

  'Defender of the Faith' by Pope Leo X, for his criticism of Martin Luther
• What argument can be made to show that H8 religious conviction was not that strong?

  He was quick to get a Papal Dispensation from Pope Julius , and even had a child with Catherine
• In Tudor society, Catherine was deemed beyond childbearing age, what exemplifies this?

  She had 4 miscarriages and 1 still borne
• How was a female ruler looked down upon, and legitimacy praised in Early Modern Europe?

  When H8 visited France in 1528 the French ambassador questioned Mary I's legitimacy
• Henry did not care for legitimacy, since his illegitimate child, Henry Fitzroy (Elizabeth Blount), was granted what title?

  Duke of Richmond in 1525
• When did H8 start wooing Anne, when did he agree to marry her?

  Started wooing her in 1526, agreed to marry her in July 1527
• H8 hated writing love letters, but he did for Anne, what are some quotes

  'My heart shall be dedicated to you alone' to 'kiss you pritty duckys'