Lakoff

• Data

  Men and women speech
• Methodology

  purely observations
• Analysis

  Assumptions made of all women
• Conclusions

  Society conditions women to speak more femininely and women who speak masculinely are ostracised
• Link

  Lakoff is implying that there is a deficit in speech levels between men and women.
• Deficit

  Women need to meet the standards of men’s spoken language
• Criticisms

  Based her ideas on observations instead of research therefore no variable reduction and data is skewed
• Criticisms

  used generalised stereotyping of the sexes - men are masc, women are fem
• Criticisms

  Used personal introspection and admitted “it is my impression, though I do not have the precise statistical evidence“
• Criticisms

  “I do feel that the majority of claims I make will hold for the majority of speakers of English”
• Date

  1975
• Model

  Agrees with deficit model