unit 3 v2

• Poor standard of care


  • Tired or exhausted, forget to give medication, forget to provide food or drink, lack of concentration, lack of enough time to do their job
  • Cause bed sores, pressure ulcers, bruising due to handling, dehydration, illness gets worse, malnutrition
• Type of hazard

  • Environmental
  • Biological
  • Chemical
  • Psychological
  • Physical
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Working conditions
  • Working practices
  • Lack of security systems
• Effect for individuals who have experienced abuse


  • Anger
  • Anxiety/fear
  • Death
  • Depression
  • Embarrassment
  • Loss of confidence or trust
  • Illness
  • Injury
  • Lack of sleep
• Types of settings


  • Health care environment
  • Care environment
  • Child care environment
  • Transport
  • Public environment
• Hazard


  Something that has potential to cause harm
• MRSA


  A type of bacteria that's resistant to several widely used antibiotics so can be harder to treat than other bacterial infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• Biological hazards


  Vomit cause spread of viral infections. Blood cause spread of viruses like HIV
• Health and Safety at Work Act 1974


  • Established HSE as regulator, monitor health and safety with checks, investigation and reports. Enforce legislation
  • Provide advice to minimize risks
  • Work environment can't put anyone at risk – risk assessment, PPE, procedures to prevent accidents, monitor staff practice, ensure working fire alarms and fire doors
  • Equipment provided must be safe and in good working order – provide equipment fir for purpose and working, regularly safety checks, regularly maintain equipment and electrical appliances
  • Employers provide adequate health and safety training for staff – updated training regularly, train staff to use specialist equipment, regular evacuation practices and adequate first aid
  • Written health and safety policy provided – policy in line with legal requirements, staff aware and have access, display health and safety poster
  • Protective equipment – supplied, free and ensure staff wear it
  • Employees – report hazards, co-operate with policy, use equipment, wear PPE, do training
• Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999


  • Reinforce health and safety at work act. Duties for employer and employees
  • Risk assessments carried out and control measures put in place
  • Competent individuals manage Health, safety and security
  • Information, training and supervision provided so work carried out safely
• The Food Safety Act 1990


  • Covers safe preparation, storage and serving of food
  • CQC requires services ensure food handled, stored and prepared to meet the act
  • Registration of food business
  • Environmental health officers can: Seize food that's unfit, Serve improvement notice, Close premises causing risk to health
  • Impact – employees maintain high personal hygiene, employees trained in food safety, food stored correctly, food must be safe to eat, records kept of where food from so traceable
• The Food Safety (General Food Hygiene) Regulations 1992


  • Food safety hazards identified
  • Setting know steps critical for food safety
  • Safety controls in place, maintained and reviewed
  • Food handlers wear suitable clean and appropriately protective clothing
  • Food handlers supervised and trained in food hygiene
  • Environment where cooked and prepared are in good condition and clean
  • Adequate arrangements for storage and disposal of waste
  • Impact - Hazards in packaging, hygiene, surfaces and cookware, Procedures in place, Employers provided facilities for personal hygiene, provide clean protective clothing eg. hats, gloves, aprons, Clean surfaces, disposal of waste correctly, protect against contamination
• Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992


  • Avoid need for manual handling as far as possible
  • Asses risk of injury from any manual handling that in unavoidable
  • Take action to reduce risk of injury
  • Information, training and supervision provided about safe manual handling
  • Impact- Training – technique, how to use machines, risk factors, Risk assessment, Equipment only used if trained, Lifts planned ahead, Reduce likelihood of injury
• The Data Protection Act 1998


  • 8 principles aim to ensure data protection
  • Processed lawfully and fairly
  • Used only for purposes for which it was intended
  • Adequate and relevant but not excessive
  • Accurate and up to date
  • Kept for no longer than necessary
  • Processed in line with the rights of the individual
  • Secured
  • Not transferred out of EU
• Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR)


  • Employers legal duty to report injuries, diseases or dangerous occurrences
  • Following incidents: Death, Serious injury – sight loss, burns, fractures, hypothermia, Diagnosed work related illness eg. Occupational asthma, asbestosis, Incidents that have potential to cause harm eg. Fires, chemical spills
  • Record in accident book
  • Injuries of 3+ or 7+ days recorded with date, details, injury, who involved
  • Records mean employer collects information to manage health and safety, aid risk assessments, prevent injury by adjusting policy
  • Public heath England detect disease outbreaks so employer reports to them. Eg: Food poisoning, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Malaria
• The Civil Contingencies Act 2004


  • Establishes role and responsibilities for those involved in emergency preparation and response locally
  • Major incident include: Explosion, Extreme weather, Fire, Flooding, Infection outbreak
  • CCA requires NHS organisation's have to provide contingencies plan that shows a response to major incidents and they come together to carry out risk assessments
  • Examples of Major incident plan includes: Plan for management of mass casualties, Shelter and evacuation planning, Lock down or controlled access plan
• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 (COSHH)


  • Requires employers to prevent and reduce workers exposure to chemicals
  • Protect staff and users from harm by ensuring dangerous substances safely stored, handled and disposed of and all staff are fully trained
  • Must be a COSHH file in place: Name, Where its kept, Effects of substance, Maximum exposure time, How to deal with emergency involving it
  • COSHH file kept up to date
  • Chemicals kept in original packaging
• Some people more at risk


  • Learning disabilities
  • Physical disability
  • Sensory impairment
  • Lack of mental capacity
  • Looked after child
• Safeguarding children involves


  • Protecting them from maltreatment – physical, emotional, psychological abuse
  • Preventing impairment of children's health and development – physical health and wellbeing, education
  • Ensuring children grow up in a stable home with safe and effective care - neglect
  • Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes – support family, fostering, adoption
• Common safeguarding issues in adult care


  • Medication – incorrect, late or out of date
  • Falls – residents not assessed on risk of falls, walking aids not given
  • Rough treatment – rushed, shouted at, ignored
• People more at risk


  • Learning disabilities
  • Physical disability
  • Sensory impairment
  • Lack of mental capacity
  • Looked after child
• Safeguarding children involves


  • Protecting them from maltreatment – physical, emotional, psychological abuse
  • Preventing impairment of children's health and development – physical health and wellbeing, education
  • Ensuring children grow up in a stable home with safe and effective care - neglect
  • Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes – support family, fostering, adoption
• Common safeguarding issues in adult care


  • Medication – incorrect, late or out of date
  • Falls – residents not assessed on risk of falls, walking aids not given
  • Rough treatment – rushed, shouted at, ignored
  • Financial abuse – theft of money, inappropriately accepting gifts
  • Poor nutritional care – appropriate food not provided to meet needs of those with chewing or swallowing problems, religious needs
• DBS


  Disclosure and Barring service
• Reasons for DBS checks

  • Ofsted requirement
  • Make sure suitable to work with children
  • To safeguard children
  • To protect children
  • Keep children safe
  • Comply with legislation
  • Check no criminal record
• Types of DBS checks


  • Standard - check criminal convictions, cautions, final warnings
  • Enhanced – standard + additional checks for information held by police that's relevant to role
  • Enhanced with list checks – enhanced + checks barred list
• Barred list


  Individuals on record as being unsuitable for working with children or vulnerable adults
• Process of DBS checks


  1. Employer gets application form

  2. Employer gives application form to applicant to fill in and bring documents

  3. Employer gives completed to DBS

  4. DBS sends certificate to applicant

  5. Applicant then can show employer
• Influences of legislation on staff


  • Safeguarding – protecting people from harm is core. The care act established new statutory framework including adult safeguarding. The children act includes paramountcy principle and encourages working to protecting children. Working together to safeguard children 2015 provides guidance on inter agency working to promote welfare.
  • Health and safety – legislation requires employees to have responsibility for their safety and others. Employees should: follow system of work in place for their safety, co-operate with their employer on health and safety matters. Inform their employer if they identify hazards. Take care to ensure that their activities do not put others at risk.
  • Training – employees are required to do training relevant to role, so have relevant skills and knowledge to perform their duties to standard required. Includes training in: health and safety, data protection, safeguarding, child protection, food safety manual handling, care certificate.
• Influences of legislation on premises


  • High levels of personal hygiene and cleanliness of setting
  • Care settings providing food must comply with food safety regulations and checked by regulator
  • Risk assessments for activities and equipment
  • Health and safety laws require fire exists kept clear and signposted, evacuation equipment available eg. Evacuation chairs or audio alarms.
  • Equality act 2010 requires adaptations provide access for those with disabilities eg. Toilets, car park, doorways, ramps, lowered desks
• Influences of legislation on practices


  • Activities and equipment risk assessed
  • Staff not trained in manual handling should not lift or move individuals
  • COSHH file kept up to date
  • Regular fire drills and evacuation practices
  • Data protection implemented
  • Safeguarding training
  • Critical points where food contamination could occur identified and control measures in place
  • All accidents recorded in file under RIDDOR
  • Staff have all training required for their role
  • Managers develop policies
  • Managers ensure safe staffing levels in a care home and adequate child ratios
• Workplace hazards and risk controls


  1. Carry out risk assessments as it's a legal requirement

  2. Check what could cause harm to people using the setting, staff and users

  3. Ensure staff and users feel confident using service

  4. Prevent accident, illness and danger

  5. Check equipment fit for purpose

  6. Ensure building is safe

  7. Identify hazards

  8. Work out problems with activities

  9. Assess level of supervision needed

  10. Control and minimize risk
• Fire safety and evacuation procedure


  1. Raise alarm and call 999

  2. Designated staff remove individuals from area

  3. Staff close doors and turn lights off

  4. Everyone assemble at designated point

  5. Do not reenter building

  6. Carry out head count
• Asbestos can be found in any buildings built before 2000, fibers can be released into the air that can be inhaled and can cause serious diseases such as lung cancer
• All building owners responsible for maintenance of premises has 'duty to manage' asbestos
• Transport hazards


  1. Appropriate insurance (licensed)

  2. Service up to date

  3. Seat belts working

  4. Parental consent

  5. Visit risk assessed

  6. Contingency plans for delays eg. Breakdowns, first aid, emergency contact
• Electrical safety - belonging to setting or residents should be maintained and safety checked, electrical safety policy in place
• Safeguarding


  • Designated safeguarding lead
  • All staff and users aware of procedure and policies to follow
  • All staff DBS checked
  • All staff safeguarding trained
  • All staff know indicators of abuse
  • Reporting system for abuse
• Food safety


  • Ensure all surfaces and equipment clean
  • Clean surfaces with hot water and antibacterial liquid
  • Wash fruit and vegetables
  • Use correct chopping boards for preparation
  • Clear away used equipment
  • Use correct storage methods
  • Check use by dates
  • Cook food thoroughly as bacteria very harmful
  • Serve food as soon as cooked to prevent bacteria multiplying
• Chemical & biological health hazards


  • Cleaning materials
  • Disinfectants
  • Body fluids
  • Medication
  • Clinical waste
  • Contaminated clothing or towels
• Lone working policy


  1. Enables safe system of work to identify and reduce risks

  2. Carry personal alarm

  3. Carry basic mobile

  4. Self-defense training

  5. Mobile phone lone worker system – employees detailed message of where going and how long for, if employee doesn't call then alert in line from manager to police, phone has emergency button links directly to reception so can hear conversation, code words used to describe situation