21st

• PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD ➢ A literature of varying human interest, close to the religious and political organizations of the ancient Filipinos. ➢ verses were addressed to the ears rather than the eyes.
• PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE: Bugtong, Proverb, Folk songs, chants, epic, legend
• Riddles (Bugtong) - battle of wits among participants
• Proverb (Salawikain) - a phrase that gives advice and effectively embodies a commonplace truth based on practical experience or common sense.
• Folk Songs - a traditional or composed song typically characterized by stanzaic form, refrain, and simplicity of melody
• Chants (Bulong) - may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech.
• Epic - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation
• Legend - a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions perceived or believed both by teller and listeners to have taken place within human history
• SPANISH COLONIZATION ➢ It has two distinct classifications: religious and secular ➢ It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication
• NATIONALISTIC OR PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD ➢ The Propaganda Movement was a period of time when native Filipinos were calling for reforms
• . AMERICAN COLONIZATION PERIOD ➢ English language was introduced ➢ Literary themes and motifs related to the people’s search and desire to gain autonomy and independence as well as relevant social concerns or political issues were exhibited in most works in both prose and poetic forms.
• JAPANESE COLONIZATION ➢ the journalistic writing was ceased and placed under strict monitoring, there was “no freedom of speech”
• Haiku - is a three-line poem with seventeen syllables, written in a 5,7,5 syllable count
• Japanese Colonization - Haiku, Tanaga, Karaniwang anyo
• Tanaga - is a Filipino style of poetry with four-line stanzas with the syllable count of 7-7-7-7, and a rhyme scheme of AABB. It expresses insights and life lessons.
• Karaniwang Anyo - the usual and common form of poetry.
• Jose Ma. Hernandez – “Panday Pira” , Francisco Soc Rodrigo – “Sa Pula, sa Puti”
• Carlos P. Romulo • “I saw the fall of the Philippines” • “I see the Philippines Rise” • “Mother America and my Brother Americans”
• CONTEMPORARY/MODERNISM PERIOD (PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY) ➢ The themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and beauties of nature and surroundings
• Manuel Arguilla – “How my Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife?”
• Jose Garcia Villa – “Footnote to youth”
• Alejandro Roces- “My Brothers Peculiar Chicken”
• F. Sionil Jose - “The pretenders”; “My brother”; “My executioner”; and “Po-On”
• Nick Joaquin- “The Sorrows of Vaudeville”; “The woman who had two navels”; and “Summer Solstice”
• LOPE K. SANTOS - Banaag at Sikat
• GREGORIO COCHING - He translated into Tagalog John Milton’s Paradise Lost. began writing in 1923 with the novel Sanggumay
• FEDERICO LICSI ESPINO, JR - Became a freelance writer, writing in four languages: English, Spanish, Tagalog, and Ilocano
• DR. LUCIANO P.R. SANTIAGO - Psychiatrist by profession, Historian by love
• BERNARDO DEL ROSARIO, JR. - “Itim ang Kulay ng Paruparo”
• BENIGNO R. JUAN - Has been awarded prizes for his short stories in Filipino
• POETRY ➢ from the Greek word “poiesis,” which means “making.”
• ELEMENTS OF POETRY - Speaker, senses and images, diction, Theme
• Speaker - is the voice in the poem that talks to the reader.
• Senses and images - are words or word phrased used by the writer to create an image that the reader can see through his senses.
• Diction - It is the denotative and connotative meaning of word in a sentence, phrase, paragraph, or poem.
• Denotative gives us the literal or dictionary meaning of word.
• Connotative gives us the words meaning through word association another word.
• Theme - refers to the meaning of the poem. It is the overall message of the poem that may be stated directly or indirectly.
• STRUCTURE OF POETRY: Stanza, Rhyme, Meter, Line break
• Stanza - is a group of lines in a poem. It is often called a “verse.”