Bones

• Bones

  Cranium - Flat

  Mandible - Irregular

  Clavicle - Flat

  Scapula (ON BACK) - Flat

  Vertebral column (ON BACK) - Irregular

  Sternum - Flat

  Ribs - Flat🩻

  Humerus - Long

  Radius - Long

  Ulna (underneath) - Long

  Carpals - Short

  Metacarpals - Long

  Phalanges (x2) - Long

  Pelvis - Flat

  Femur - Long

  Patella - Sesamoid

  Tibia - Long

  Fibula - Long

  Tarsals - Short

  Metatarsals - Long
• Long bones

  • aid movement by working as levers
  • e.g. femur works as a lever to increase the pace of a ball being kicked in football
• Short bones

  • Weight bearing and provide support
  • e.g. supports gymnast’s body weight whilst in a handstand
• Flat bones

  • provide protection + a broad surface for muscle attachment
  • e.g. cranium protects head from cricket balls in cricket
• Irregular bones

  • provide protection and place for muscle attachment
  • e.g. muscles attached to vertebrae allow a hockey player to bend their back whilst dribbling
• Parts of Vertebrae column

  Cervical (7)

  Thoracic ( 12)

  Lumber (5)

  Sacrum (5)

  Coccyx (4)
• Sesamoid bone

  e.g. patella

  • short/irregular bone that is imbedded in tendons to prevent them from wear and tear
• Function of skeleton

  • Muscle attachment - provide a place for muscles to attach, when muscle contracts the bone gets pulled allowing movement
  • Joints for movement - movement occurs at joints, where bones meet they form joints with ligaments helping to stabilise them
  • Platelets, RBCs and WBCs PRODUCTION - some bone contain bone marrow, RBCs increase oxygen carrying capacity, WBCs fight infection, Platelets help clotting at wounds
  • Mineral STORAGE - bones store minerals e.g. Calcium and phosphorus: help bone strength, also help muscle contraction for movement
  • PROTECTION- Protect vital organs ( e.g. lungs protected by ribs) => allows you to be comfortably without fear