Series of events that led to the emergence of modern science and its impacts on society; revolutions are also called "paradigm shifts", which resulted from a renewed and enlightened understanding of how universe behaves and functions; thus, met with huge resistance and controversy
Copernican Revolution
16th century paradigm shift named after Nicolaus Copernicus, a polish mathematician and astronomer
Introduced the heliocentric model of the universe in a Commentariolus and De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium in 1543
Earth, along with other heavenly bodies, rotates around the Sun
Contributions of Copernican revolution
Beginning of modern astronomy
Study of cosmology and astronomy
Darwinian Revolution
Mid-19th century paradigm shift named after Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, geologist and biologist
Introduced the natural selection, an evolutionary process that favored survival and reproduction, on a treatise entitled "On the Origin of Species" that was published in 1859
Contributions of Darwinian revolution
Rationalize the development of organisms and the origin of unique forms of life and humanity using a lawful system or laws of nature
Freudian Revolution
20th century paradigm shift named after Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist
Introduced the psychoanalysis, a scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts within one's personality
Freudian Revolution
Emphasized the existence of the unconscious (i.e., feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions, memories), exhibiting Oedipus and Electra complexes
Critics on psychoanalysis: more of an ideological stance than a scientific one
