DRRR

• The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) is the national body that coordinates disaster risk reduction efforts among various agencies.
• Barangays outside the extended or expanded permanent danger zone is still affected by what volcano hazard?


  lava flow
• Refers to hazards that can be shown in volcano risk maps:

  • lahar
  • pyroclastic flow
  • lava flow
• This is an alert level status which prohibits people to enter the 6km Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ): Intense unrest
• Volcanic hazard maps can be used in what DRRM measure / intervention?

  disaster preparedness
• What DRRM measure / intervention is the evacuation of people under Alert Level 1 classified?

  • disaster awareness
• These can be the sources of water in generating mudflows:

  1.crater lakes

  2. snow or ice

  3. heavy rainfall
• It is the outcome when lava erupts beneath a glacier or flows over snow / ice: Lahar
• Devastating effects of ash fall:

  1. Can cause jet engine failure
  2. Can cause respiratory problem
  3. Can cause damage to power supply and communication
• It is the physical condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors, or processes that increases the susceptibility of an individual, a community, etc to the impacts of hazards: Vulnerability
• A process, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, etc...: Hazard
• Risk Drivers - are variables that amplify the effects of hazards, thus affecting the degree or scope of a disaster.
• An event, whether natural or human-induces, becomes a disaster.:

  1. causes widespread material or environmental losses.
  2. community cannot provide the residents their basic needs.
  3. communities experience severe danger, and incur loss of lives.
• An impending sign of a volcanic eruption: increased seismic activity
• Pyroclastic flow - volcanic hazard; a mix of hot lava blocks, ash, pumice, and volcanic gas.
• Possible hazards during an earthquake:

  1. glass
  2. obstructions
  3. cabinet
• Urban poor - need more opportunities to generate income
• Capacity - strengths & resources of a community to deal with the impacts of a disaster.
• Groups vulnerable to tsunami:

  1. informal sector
  2. farmers
  3. victims of violence
• Cultural differences - considered under the social dimension of vulnerability
• Farmers - have difficulty in accessing healthcare support
• Adaptation & Mitigation - can reduce a hazard or exposure to its effects.
• Endangered species - has low vulnerability to armed conflicts
• Residential establishments - vulnerable physical elements to fire
• Limited escape routes - increases vulnerability of PWDs
• Included in vulnerability monitoring & assessment:

  1. availability of healthcare
  2. power source
  3. water quality
• Malformations among new born babies caused by a chemical hazard are what type of impact?

  Physical
• Psychological first-aid of earthquake victims is part of what DRRM intervention?: Disaster recovery
• A guidelines of the National Building Code in design and construction is what DRRM measure?

  disaster prevention
• Landslide - an earthquake hazard caused primarily by gravity
• A phenomenon that can generate tsunami - magnitude 8 earthquakes that occur below or near the ocean floor.
• How does liquefaction occur?

  d. all of the above
• Construction of poorly designed buildings and infrastructures - increases the severity of the effects of ground shaking to buildings and infrastructures
• Greater slope inclination of land - increases the occurrence of landslides
• Meteorological drought:

  1. deficit of rainfall of 50% more than the normal
  2. Leads to reduction of natural stream flows or ground water levels.
  3. Level in soil is insufficient to maintain average crop yields
• Magnitude & intensity - parameters that can measure impact of a technological hazard.
• Categories of natural hazard:

  1. hydrometeorological
  2. biological
  3. geological
• Pandemic - level of disease that already spread on different countries / continents affecting & taking lives of many people.
• Grief & depression - socio-cultural impact of hazards
• Exposure - situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.