21st

• Riddles (Bugtong)


  Battle of wits among participants
• Proverb (Salawikain)


  A phrase that gives advice and effectively embodies a commonplace truth based on practical experience or common sense
• Folk Songs


  A traditional or composed song typically characterized by stanzaic form, refrain, and simplicity of melody
• Folk Songs


  • hele or uyayi-lullaby; harana-serenade; ambahan-Mangyan; kalusan-Ivatan; tagay-Cebuano
• Chants (Bulong)


  Used in witchcraft and/or enchantment. Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech.
• Epic


  A long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation
• Epics


  • Lam-ang- Ilocano; Hinilawod- Panay; Kudaman-Palawan; Darangen-Mindanao
• Legend


  A genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions perceived or believed both by teller and listeners to have taken place within human history
• Legends


  • Legend of Makahiya; Legend of Pasig River
• Chants (Bulong) are a repeated rhythmic phrase, typically one shouted or sung in unison by a crowd. It is also used in witchcraft or enchantments.
• Christianity was proclaimed by the first colonizers.
• Filipino films, comics, magazines and other publications flourished during the Contemporary period.
• Education was the foremost contribution of the American Occupation.
• The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continue especially with the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of committed literature in the 1960s and the 1970s.
• Literature


  Covers both oral and written forms of work that express permanent and universal ideas aesthetically
• Pre-Colonial literature


  • Literature of a formative past by the various groups of people who inhabited the archipelago
  • Close to the religious and political organizations of the ancient Filipinos
  • Verses were addressed to the ears rather than the eyes
  • Verses composed and sung were regarded as group property
• Literary forms of Pre-Colonial literature

  • Riddles (Bugtong)
  • Proverbs (Salawikain)
  • Folk Songs
  • Chants (Bulong)
  • Epics
  • Legends
• Riddles (Bugtong)


  Battle of wits among participants
• Proverbs (Salawikain)


  Phrases that give advice and effectively embody a commonplace truth based on practical experience or common sense
• Folk Songs


  Traditional or composed songs typically characterized by stanzaic form, refrain, and simplicity of melody
• Chants (Bulong)


  Used in witchcraft and/or enchantment
• Epics


  Long poems, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation
• Legends


  Narratives featuring human actions perceived or believed both by teller and listeners to have taken place within human history
• Spanish Colonization Period (1565-1863)

  • Two distinct classifications: religious and secular
  • Introduced Spanish as the medium of communication
• Religious Literary Forms


  • Pasyon
  • Senakulo
• Pasyon


  Long narrative poem about the passion and death of Jesus Christ
• Senakulo


  Dramatization of the Pasyon
• Secular (non-religious) Literary Forms

  • Awit
  • Korido
  • Prose Narratives
• Awit


  Colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting
• Korido


  Popular narrative song and poetry that forms a ballad, often about oppression, history, daily life for peasants, and other socially relevant topics
• Nationalistic or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period (1864-1896)


  • Planted seeds of nationalism to Filipinos
  • Shifted the language from Spanish to Tagalog
• Literary Forms


  • Propaganda Literature
  • Political Essays
  • Diariong Tagalog
  • La Solidaridad
  • Political Novels (Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo by Dr. Jose Rizal)
  • Revolutionary Literature (political essays and poetry)
• American Colonization Period (1910-1945)


  • Public-school system was introduced
  • Thomasites were the first teachers
• English language was introduced during the American Colonization Period.
• This form describes important events in life either real or imaginary
• Nationalistic or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period (1864-1896)


  Period when native Filipinos were calling for reforms. Prominent members were Jose P. Rizal, Mariano Ponce and Marcelo H. del Pilar.
• Characteristics of Nationalistic or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period

  • Planted seeds of nationalism to Filipinos
  • The language was shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
• Literary Forms during Nationalistic or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period

  • Propaganda Literature
  • Political Essays
  • Diariong Tagalog
  • La Solidaridad
• Political Novels during Nationalistic or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period

  • Noli Me Tangere
  • El Filibusterismo by Dr. Jose Rizal
• Revolutionary Literature during Nationalistic or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period

  • Political essays (e.g. Kalayaan)
  • Poetry (e.g. True Decalogue, Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas, Liwanag at Dilim)