ART APPRE

• Humanities


  Academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture
• In the Renaissance, the term 'humanities' contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the time
• Humanities


  • Use methods that are primarily critical, or speculative, and have a significant historical element as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences
  • Unlike the sciences, it has no central discipline
• Subjects included in the humanities

  • Ancient and modern languages
  • Literature
  • Philosophy
  • History
  • Archeology
  • Anthropology
  • Human geography
  • Law
  • Politics
  • Religion
  • Art
• Humanist


  • A scholar in the humanities
  • A person who holds the philosophical position of humanism
• The Renaissance scholars and artists were also called humanists
• Some secondary schools offer humanities classes usually consisting of literature, global studies and art
• Human disciplines like history, folkloristics, and cultural anthropology study subject matters that the manipulative experimental method does not apply to—and instead mainly use the comparative method and comparative research
• The study of humanities

  May be attributed to the symmetry and balance discussed by the art piece known as the Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da Vinci
• Leonardo envisaged the great picture chart of the human body he had produced through his anatomical drawings and Vitruvian Man as a 'cosmografia del minor mondo' (cosmography of the microcosm). He believed the workings of the human body to be an analogy for the workings of the universe
• Why study humanities


  • Teaches people to be cultured and refined
  • Contains the records of man's quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks himself and about the world we live in
  • Studies man and the manner in which he conducts himself from the time of his existence to the present
  • Distinctive in both content and method from the physical and biological sciences and from the social sciences
  • Devoted to understanding the different phenomena within the human cultural contexts
  • Studies how people process and document the human experience using philosophy, religion, literature, art and history as their way of understanding and recording the world
  • Studies how individuals' manner of expression varies as they record human experiences and how the way of documenting these forms a connection between and among humans of the past, present and future
• Fundamental principles of humanities

  • Human nature is inherently good
  • Individuals are free and are capable of making choices
  • Human potential for growth and development is virtually unlimited
  • Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development
  • Individuals have an urge for self actualization
  • Reality is defined by each person
  • Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves and to others
• Art


  A diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power
• The three classical branches of art

  • Painting
  • Sculpture
  • Architecture
• Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences
• In modern usage after the 17th century, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, the fine arts are separated and distinguished from acquired skills in general, such as the decorative or applied arts
• Nature of art


  • Art or arts is of Aryan root "ar" which means to join or put together
  • Art constitutes one of the oldest and most important means of expression developed by man
  • It refers to the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but significant qualities of nature such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, words, stone and wood to express feelings, thoughts, imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful and enjoyable way
  • Art is subjective as it employs the use of perception, insights, feelings and intuition
  • It is the heightened expression of human dignity and weaknesses felt and shared so powerfully in a world increasingly aware of its successes and failures
  • It is man's expression of himself as an individual and how he views his existence
  • Art also provides enjoyment and stimulation specially when people understand them
• Functions of art


  • Express freely oneself
  • Socially express his need for display, celebration and communication
  • Physically express the need for utility of functional objects
• Functional art


  Art created for use, not necessarily everyday use, but designed to serve a purpose and with an aesthetic in mind. It's art that serves a function, but is designed artistically for the purpose of beauty
• Non-functional art


  Art that serves no utilitarian purpose. It is in direct contrast with functional art, which has both an aesthetic value and a utilitarian purpose. Nonfunctional art also encompasses paintings, sculptures and all manner of fine art. These pieces usually seek to engage with the viewer on an intellectual, emotional or aesthetic level
• Philosophy


  The study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language
• Aesthetics


  The study of beauty and taste, concerned with the nature of art and used as a basis for interpreting and evaluating individual works of art
• Philosophy of art


  The study of the nature of art, including concepts such as interpretation, representation and expression, and form
• One cannot do away with philosophy when explaining an art work. Also, one cannot produce an artwork without considering the importance of the philosophy behind its production
• Plato's ideas on art


  • Art is imitation
  • Art is dangerous
• Aristotle's ideas on art

  • Art is imitation or a representation of nature
  • Poetry is more philosophical than Philosophy itself
• Kant's ideas on art

  • Beauty is a matter of taste, which can be both subjective and universal
  • Beauty results in pleasure if there is order, harmony and symmetry
  • Beauty leads to a response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the art
• Artist


  A person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art
• Artisan


  A skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative
• Artisans were the dominant producers of consumer products before the Industrial Revolution
• The arts


  • The theory, human application and physical expression of creativity found in human cultures and societies through skills and imagination in order to produce objects, environments and experiences
• Artisanal


  Used in marketing and advertising to describe or imply some relation with the crafting of handmade food products
• In ancient Greece, artisans were drawn to agoras and often built workshops nearby
• The arts


  The theory, human application and physical expression of creativity found in human cultures and societies through skills and imagination in order to produce objects, environments and experiences
• Major constituents of the arts

  • Visual arts (including architecture, ceramics, drawing, filmmaking, painting, photography and sculpting)
  • Literature (including fiction, drama, poetry, and prose)
  • Performing arts (including dance, music and theater)
  • Culinary arts (including cooking, chocolate making and winemaking)
• Some art forms combine a visual element with performance (e.g. cinematography), or artwork with the written word (e.g. comics)
• From prehistoric cave paintings to modern-day films, art serves as a vessel for storytelling and conveying humankind's relationship with the environment
• Self-expression through arts


  May take various forms depending on the expertise and artistic inclinations of an artist
• Art forms for self-expression

  • Painting
  • Dance
  • Music
  • Sculpture
  • Literature
  • Architecture
• Architecture


  • Reflects how we present ourselves across the earth's landscape, and changes with styles, technologies and cultural adaptations
  • Provides worldly needs of shelter, workspace and storage
  • Represents human ideals in buildings like courthouses and government buildings and manifestations of the spirit in churches and temples