Steps of Genetic Recombination Technology

• • Step 1: Isolation of Genetic Material


  Separating and purifying DNA from other cellular components using enzymes like restriction enzymes.
• Step 2: Restriction Enzymes Digestion


  Cutting DNA using restriction enzymes followed by separation based on size using agarose gel electrophoresis.
• Step 3: Amplification Using PCR


  Making multiple copies of DNA using PCR, which requires template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides.
• Step 4: Ligation of DNA Molecules

  Joining the cut DNA fragments with vectors using DNA ligase, forming recombinant DNA.
• Step 5: Insertion of Recombinant DNA into Host


  Introducing recombinant DNA into host cells, often bacteria, through transformation.
• Step 6: Isolation of Recombinant Cells


  Separating transformed cells from non-transformed cells, usually employing a marker gene on the vector.
• Step 7: Obtaining or culturing the Foreign Gene product

  Growing transformed cells to obtain desired protein expression, which involves culturing and protein extraction techniques.