science Mock exam

• Volcanoes are landforms that is formed by a crack on the earth's surface on which magma is ejected.
• Philippines has more than a hundred volcanoes which 24 are active and the rest are inactive.
• Parts of volcanoes includes, the summit, slope and base
• A crater is a funnel-shaped opening of the volcano
• Caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapsed, followed by an explosive eruption.
• Taal has 47 crater
• Mount Pinatubo is located at Zambales
• The Philippines is prone to earthquakes because it lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire where tectonic plates meet.
• Mayon Volcano is located at Albay province
• Pinatubo was lastly erupted on June 15, 1991
• Majority of the Philippines lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire where tectonic plates meet.
• The most recent eruption of Taal Volcano occurred on January 12, 2020
• Lava flows are caused by the movement of molten rock beneath the earth's surface.
• A volcanic eruption occurs when magma rises from deep within the Earth's mantle towards the surface through fissures or vents.
• Volcanic ash can be used as fertilizer due to its high content of minerals such as potash (potassium carbonate) and sulfur.
• Mt. Apo is located at Davao del Sur
• Richter Scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake.
• Magnitude scale measures how strong or weak an earthquake is based on its intensity.
• Volcanic eruptions can be classified into two types based on their intensity: explosive (violent) and effusive (non-explosive).
• Earthquake occurs due to sudden release of energy from the movement of tectonic plates.
• Taal Volcano is located at Batangas
• Explosive eruptions are characterized by violent ejections of ash, rock fragments, and gases, while effusive eruptions involve slow lava flows without significant explosions.
• A volcanic eruption occurs when magma rises from deep within the Earth's crust towards the surface through fissures or vents.
• Volcanic ash can cause respiratory problems if inhaled.
• Shield dome volcanoes have more sleeper sides than stratovolcanoes and is dome shape
• Cinder cone volcanoes are bowl shaped volcanoes
• Composite volcanoes are cone shaped and symetrical called perfect cone volcanoes
• temperature of magma is 300 to 1300 degree Celsius.
• Igneous rocks are formed when magma solidifies
• viscosity is the resilience to flow
• If it has a high temperature, it has low viscosity. if it has a high silica content it has a high viscosity. if it has low amount of gas, it has a high viscosity.
• Low viscosity, calm erruption, high viscosity, explosive erruption
• Phreatic or hydrothermal erruption, as hot rocks come in contact with water. Its short lived but may be onset of a larger eruption
• Pelean, Violent eruption due to contact of magma and water
• Strombolian, Is a week to violent eruption.
• Plinian, Excessively explosive
• Effusive eruption happens in a quiet and calm manner, while explosive happen in a violent manner
• volcanoes excluded materials like water vapor, followed by carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide
• Lava is a hot molten rock extruded from the volcano that solidifies when it is cooled
• Pahoehoe, is a balistic lava with unfragmented surface