MIDTERMS MIL

• Media


  The term media comes from the word "medium" which is defined as "channel," "means," or "method". As a venue or method, media is used to communicate information beyond just news or events of public interest.
• Media act as a window to reality in a metaphorical sense
• Mass media


  The media that reach large audiences
• Forms of media


  • Print media
  • Broadcast media
  • New media
• Print media


  Paper publications like newspapers, books, magazines, newsletters, journals, brochures, posters, flyers, banners, and billboards
• Broadcast media


  Radio and television - media that initially use airwaves to reach their audience
• New media


  Media that use digital technologies like the internet to distribute or exhibit content, including social media, blogs, websites, and streaming media
• Functions of media


  • Act as channels of information and knowledge
  • Facilitate information debates between diverse social actors
  • Provide information beyond our immediate experience
  • Help a society learn about itself and build a sense of community
  • Function as a watchdog of government
  • Facilitate democratic processes and free and fair elections
  • Act as a vehicle for cultural expression and cohesion
  • Act as an advocate and social actor in its own right while respecting pluralistic values
• Media play a vital role in public knowledge formation and decision-making
• Media provide information that is comprehensive, multifaceted, and diverse
• Best examples of media acting as channels of information and knowledge

  • Weather report
  • Recent election
• Best examples of media facilitating information debates

  • Political debates
  • Sessions in the House of Representatives
• Best example of media providing information beyond our immediate experience

  • Increase in oil prices in the Middle East concerning the Philippines, influencing oil price hike
• Best examples of media as a vehicle for cultural expression and cohesion

  • Films
• Media are widely known as the "fourth estate", constantly vigilant towards the government and informing the people about issues of national concern
• Media play a vital role in upholding democracy, functioning as a watchdog during elections to ensure no anomalies occur and the election process goes smoothly
• Media form a huge part of our identity and culture formation, creating narratives that help us perceive who we are as a nation and as a community
• Any type of media has its own purpose and message, and in the act of filtering and choosing which information to rely on, media choose their advocacy
• Stages of media evolution

  • Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)
  • Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)
  • Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)
  • New Age or Information Age
• Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)


  People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. Human started writing around 3,200 BCE in Mesopotamia and 600 BCE in Mesoamerica. Important documents had to be tediously copied by hand and posted in public places, or town criers traveled to read them out loud.
• Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)


  People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press). The telegraph was used for long-distance communication by transmitting electrical signals over a wire, and motion pictures (films) were developed.
• Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)


  The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age, leading to the development of transistor radios, electronic circuits, and early computers. Long-distance communication became more efficient. Television and personal computers were also invented during this time.
• New Age or Information Age

  The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of social networks. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Examples include Internet Explorer, Blogspot, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Google, and portable computers (laptops).
• Types of information


  • Scholarly
  • Professional/Trade
  • Entertainment/Popular
  • Opinion
• Scholarly information


  Information drawn from the research of field experts, which needs to be peer-reviewed before being made public.
• Expert


  A person who has special skill or knowledge in some particular field, accredited and recognized.
• Peer-review


  A process whereby other experts evaluate the academic journal of their fellow experts.
• Professional/Trade information


  Current news and trends about a specific industry, such as nursing, teaching, engineering, etc. May include industry-specific jargon.
• Entertainment/Popular information


  Information meant for the general population, which a journalist, staff writer, or content producer may present in an entertaining way to catch attention or be easily understood. It is derived from or a discussion of other people's work.
• Best examples of entertainment/popular information

  • Video games, social media, streaming sites, online games
• Opinion


  A viewpoint, judgment, or statement that is not conclusive, which can be categorized in areas like medicine, legislative, or judicial.
• Expert


  A person who has special skill or knowledge in some particular field; accredited and recognized
• Peer-review


  A process whereby other experts evaluate the academic journal of their fellow experts
• Professional/Trade information


  • Current news and trends about a specific industry (e.g. nurse, teachers, engineers)
• Jargons


  Language used in the specific field
• Entertainment/Popular information


  Information meant for the general population, using entertaining hooks to catch attention or be easily understood
• Opinion


  A viewpoint, judgment, or statement that is not conclusive
• Categories of Opinion


  • Medicine
  • Legislative
  • Judicial
• Academic institutions


  Schools, colleges, and universities that confer academic degrees, dedicated to education and research
• Types of Academic Institutions

  • Public Academic Institutions (supported by the government)
  • Private Academic Institutions (funded from tuition fees and private donations)