Gen bio 4

• 7 Characteristics of the Pea Plant


  • Seed form
  • Seed cotyledons
  • Flower Color
  • Pod form
  • Pod color
  • Stem position
  • Stem size
• Mendel delivered two lectures on his findings to the Natural Science Society in Bro


  1865
• Gregor Mendel died at the age of 61


  1884
• Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg each independently duplicated Mendel's experiments
• Allele


  An alternative form of a gene
• Dominant


  An allele that will be phenotypically expressed if it is present
• Gamete


  Male or female reproductive cells - a sperm or egg in animals, and pollen and ova in plants
• Gene


  A piece of DNA that carries the information needed to make a specific protein
• Heterozygous


  When alleles at the same locus are different
• Homozygous


  When alleles at the same locus are identical
• Hybrid


  The progeny of cross-breeding 2 pure-breeding lines
• Genotype


  The genetic make-up of a cell or organism
• Locus


  The location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome
• Phenotype


  Observable traits or characteristics of an organism
• Pure-breeding


  When mated with their own kind, all the offspring resemble their parents
• Recessive


  An allele that will be phenotypically expressed when both copies of the allele are identical
• Trait


  Characteristic, usually a physical characteristic of a living organism, such as the height of a plant or the hair color of a mammal
• Law of Dominance


  • Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele
• Law of Segregation


  • During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
• Law of Independent Assortment

  • Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation gametes. Different traits get equal opportunity to occur together
• Codominance


  Two parent phenotypes are expressed together in their offspring. The two alleles neither act as dominant or recessive over the other. A hybrid will not result in the formation of a new phenotype
• Incomplete Dominance


  Two parents blend together to create a new phenotype for their offspring. One allele is not completely dominant over the other. A hybrid will always result in a new phenotype
• Central Dogma


  • DNA doesn't have a hydroxyl group at the 2' position. Bases: Guanine (G), Cytosine (C). Pyrimidines are single ringed nitrogenous compounds with two N-atom at 1' and 3' position