animal studies

• What year did Lorenz conduct his research on imprinting?

  1952
• What was the procedure in Lorenz's imprinting study?

  • Randomly divided goose eggs
  • Half hatched with mother in natural environment
  • Half hatched in incubator with Lorenz
• What did Lorenz find about the incubator group of goslings?

  They followed Lorenz everywhere
• How did the control group of goslings behave?

  They followed their mother
• What phenomenon did Lorenz observe in his study?

  Imprinting
• What is imprinting according to Lorenz?

  Attachment to the first moving object seen
• What did Lorenz identify as a critical period for imprinting?

  It can be as brief as a few hours
• What happens if imprinting does not occur within the critical period?

  Chicks do not attach to a mother figure
• What aspect of imprinting did Lorenz investigate regarding adult male preferences?

  Relationship between imprinting and courtship behavior
• What did Lorenz observe about birds that imprinted on humans?

  They displayed courtship behavior towards humans
• What was the case study involving a peacock in Lorenz's research?

  It imprinted on giant tortoises
• What are the strengths and limitations of Lorenz's research on imprinting?

  Strengths:

  • Support for imprinting concept (Regolin & Vallortigara)
  • Innate mechanism for imprinting

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Limited generalizability to humans
  • Mammalian attachment is more complex
• What did Regolin and Vallortigara's study support?

  Concept of imprinting in chicks
• What did Harlow's research in 1958 test?

  Importance of contact comfort in attachment
• What was the procedure in Harlow's research?

  • Reared 16 rhesus monkeys
  • Used two wire model mothers (one plain, one cloth)
  • Both dispensed milk
• What did baby monkeys prefer in Harlow's study?

  Cloth-covered mother for comfort
• What did Harlow conclude about contact comfort?

  It was more important than food
• What were the findings regarding maternally deprived monkeys in Harlow's study?

  • Dysfunctional with plain wire mothers
  • Cloth-covered mothers did not develop normal behavior
  • More aggressive and less sociable
  • Neglected or attacked their young
• What critical period did Harlow identify for attachment formation?

  Within 90 days
• What are the strengths and limitations of Harlow's research?

  Strengths:

  • Important real-world applications
  • Helps understand child development risks

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Limited generalizability to humans
  • Ethical issues from distress caused
• How has Harlow's research been applied in the real world?

  Helps social workers understand bonding risks
• What ethical issues arose from Harlow's research?

  Caused severe long-term distress to monkeys