Cells

• Living things have movement, nutrition, respond, waste, reproduce, grow, exchange gases, water
• Prokaryotes are unicellular, have no nucleus and have no membrane bound organelles
• Eukaryotes are multicellular, have a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles
• Fungi, animals, plants, and protists are eukaryotic
• Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes
• In eukaryotes, DNA is found in the nucleus
• DNA is stored in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes
• specialised cells -> tissue -> organ -> system -> organism
• The cytoplasm gives a cell its shape and holds the organelles inside
• The nucleus is the control centre of the cell
• nucleolus is found in the cell's nucleus and it produces and assembles ribosomes
• The plasma membrane is made up of two layers of lipids
• The cell membrane controls the substances that enter and exit the cell
• Mitochondria generates energy to power the cell's activities
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum detoxifies the cell and lipid production
• The rough endoplasmic reticulum's function is protein production
• Ribosomes are made of RNA and proteins and is the site of protein synthesis
• Nucleus contains DNA and directs all cellular activity
• Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins (shipping departement)
• Lysosome breaks down waste material, dead cells, and pathogens through using digestive enzymes
• Cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell and provides support and protection.
• Chloroplasts produces energy through photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide and water
• In animal cells, vacuoles help in storage and disposal of substances
• In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance