MIL (KAY MAM NINA)

• Communication


  Process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures
• Verbal communication


  An interaction in which we are using our words to relay a message through speech or with the use of our voice
• Non-verbal communication


  An interaction where behavior is used to convey and represent meanings
• Media, information, and technology

  Are related to communication
• Information


  Processed data and or knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals, or symbols
• Media


  Channels or ways we use to transmit or communicate messages; communication tools
• Technology


  Application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to change and manipulate the human environment
• Literacy


  Ability to identify, understand, interpret, communicate and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts
• Information literacy


  Ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats
• Traditional media


  • Media experience is limited
  • One-directional
  • Sense receptors used are very specific (i.e. print-media sense of sight, radio-sense of hearing, TV and film-sight and hearing)
• New media


  • Media experience is more interactive
  • Audiences are more involved and can send feedback simultaneously
  • Integrates all the aspects of old media
• Functions of communication and media

  • Inform citizens of what is happening (monitoring function)
  • Information function (meaning and significance of facts)
  • Opinion function (public opinion and expression of dissent)
  • "Watchdog" role of journalism
  • Channel for advocacy for political viewpoints
• Watchdog journalism


  A form of investigative journalism where journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview political and public figures to increase accountability in democratic governance systems
• Normative theories of media and government

  • Authoritarian
  • Soviet media
  • Libertarian
  • Social responsibility
• Authoritarian


  • The role of the press is to be a servant of the government, not a servant of the citizenry
  • Main purpose is to support and advance the policies of the government in power and to serve the state
• Soviet media


  • The government media provide positive thoughts to create a strong socialized society as well as providing information, education, entertainment, motivation and mobilization
  • The media's main purpose is to act as a tool for government propaganda
  • The government undertake or controls the total media and communication to serve working classes and their interest
• Libertarian


  • The press should be a separate institution that belongs to the people and serves their best interests
  • Main purpose is to inform, entertain, sell – but chiefly to help discover truth and to check on the government (watchdog function)
  • Media ownership is private, i.e. anyone with economic means to do so
  • Controlled by government by 'self process of truth' in 'free marketplace of ideas' and by courts
  • Prohibitions include defamation, obscenity, indecency, wartime sedition
• Social responsibility


  • The moral right of free public expression is no unconditional. 'Since the claim of the right is based on the duty of a man to the common good, the ground of the claim disappears when this duty is ignored or rejected'
  • Main purpose is to provide a forum for ideas
  • Media ownership is mostly privately-owned; public service broadcasting
  • Controlled by the media should be free but self-regulated; Code of Ethics
• Indigenous knowledge


  The local knowledge – knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. It contrasts with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research institutions and private firms
• Indigenous media


  Owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interests, visions and aspirations, and independent from vested interest groups
• Characteristics of indigenous media

  • Oral tradition of communication
  • Store information in memories
  • Information exchange is face-to-face
  • Information are contain within the border of the community