(CHEM) Colligative Properties & Osmosis

• Colligative Properties


  Property of solutions that depends on the number of solute particles in a solution.

  It does not matter what the particle is, but rather how much of it.
• Colligative Properties of Solutions

  1. Vapor Pressure Lowering
  2. Freezing Point Depression
  3. Boiling Point Elevation
  4. Osmotic Pressure
• Vapor Pressure Lowering


  When there is more solute, there is lower vapor pressure.

  Because the solute particles are blocking the solvent particles making them unable to evaporate.
• Boiling Point Elevation


  When Vapor Pressure is lower, there is higher Boiling point.

  When there is more solute, more KE will be needed to boil the solution.
• Freezing Point Depression


  When there is more solute, the freezing point depression increases.

  The more solute you add, the lower the temperature is required to freez the solution.
• Osmotic Pressure


  Pressure that would be required to stop water from diffusing.

  More solute, More osmotic pressure is needed to stop the flow.
• Osmosis


  Movement of water from low concentration gradient to a higher concentration gradient through aquaporin
• Hypotonic

  • Low solute concentration/Low osmolality.
  • More Solvent/Water
• Hypertonic

  • High solute concentration/High osmolality
  • Less Solvent/Water
• Isotonic

  • Balance of solute and solvent
• Cytolysis

  • Bursting of cells due to the huge amount of water in Hypotonic outside moving into the hypertonic cell
• Plasmolysis/Crenation

  • Shrinking of cells due to the movement of water from a Hypotonic cell to the hypertonic outside.
• Volatility

  • Measure of how easily a substance can transition into a gas phase
• Volatile


  Substances that can evaporate easily. They have high Vapor Pressure, Low Boiling Points, and weak IMF
• NON-Volatile


  Substances that do not evaporate easily. They have low vapor pressure, high boiling point, and strong IMF