central dogma

• Karyotype


  Chromosomal analysis used to diagnose genetic conditions
• Three chromosomes of #21

  Leads to Down Syndrome
• Genetic information flow


  1. DNA to mRNA transcription

  2. mRNA to tRNA translation

  3. Protein assembly
• Protein synthesis accuracy


  Depends on the match between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons, determining the amino acid sequence in proteins
• Start codon


  AUG
• Stop codon for mRNA

  UAG, UGA, UAA
• Turner's Syndrome


  Characterized by a single X chromosome, highlights the impact of chromosomal variations on development
• Monosomy


  Having only one copy of a chromosome, as seen in Turner's Syndrome