Henry VIII foreign policy (1509-29)

• Henry VIII foreign policy (1509-29)

  1. military glory
  2. national security (borders)
  3. gaining allies
• military glory: 1509-29

  -  Early campaigns in France (1512-1514)

  -  Impressive defeat of Scots @ Battle of Flodden (1513) – killed James IV, leaving minor on throne (Scottish threat was wiped out for years)

  -  Flodden = far more impressive than French battles

  -  French campaign launched (1513) – captured Therouanne & Tournai

  - Battle of Spurs (1513) = English victory agst France, Henry turned it into a great propaganda victory
• military glory: 1509-29 (counter)

  -  Battle of Spurs (1513) = not much more than a skirmish (exaggerated by Henry)

  -  1512 -> Henry sent large army to Spain to launch coordinated campaign with Ferdinand, but army did nothing (just a deterrent agst the French)

  -  1514 -> English finances drained by 2 campaigns

  -  Henry did not have enough money to claim France

  -  Capture of Tournai = only real notable English victory

  -  Therouanne was burnt down by HRE & Tournai was handed back to France shortly after

  - Battle of Spurs = not large-scale engagement
• national/border security: 1509-29

  -  Victory agst Scots @ Battle of Flodden (1513) – secured northern border

  -  Scottish forces were crushed by much smaller English force & James IV was killed in battle, leaving minor king

  - Except 1513 Scottish invasion, no major threat to borders
• national/border security: 1509-29 (counter)

  - Auld Alliance remained strong
• gaining allies: 1509-29

  -  Peace treaty w/ France (kept land, restored French pension & arranged marriage of Mary to Louis

  -  Pre-existing alliance w/ Spain (marriage to CoA, 1512)

  -  Treaty of Bruges (1521) = constructed by Wolsey, secret alliance between England & HRE to promise support if France invaded either

  -  Treaty of London (1518) = peace with European countries

  - Treaties of Amiens & Westminster (1527) with France
• gaining allies: 1509-29 (counter)

  -  Mary & Louis marriage only lasted 3 months as he died

  -  Alliance w/ Spain not continued after Ferdinand died (1523)

  -  HRE abandoned alliance with England (1523)

  -  Treaty of Bruges did not last when France & HRE signed treaty & cost England £400,000

  -  Treaty of Amiens did not last

  - 1520 Field of the Cloth of Gold = no great achievement