Body systems

• Levels of organisation:

  chemical

  cellular

  tissue

  organ

  system

  organismal
• What are the 11 body systems

  1. integument
  2. skeletal
  3. muscular
  4. cardiovascular
  5. lymphatic and immune
  6. endocrine
  7. nervous
  8. respiratory
  9. digestive
  10. urinary
  11. reproductive
• Functions of the integumentary system:

  • protection
  • temperature regulation
  • waste elimination
  • helps make vitamin D
  • detects sensations (hot, cold, touch and pain)
• Components of the skeletal system:

  • bone
  • joints
  • cartilage
• function of the skeletal system:

  • support and protectiin
  • muscle attachments
  • houses cells that produce blood cells
  • stores minerals and lipids
• Components of muscular system

  skeletal muscle
• Components of integumentary system:

  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • sweat glands
  • oil glands
• function of the muscular system

  • enables movement
  • stabilises body position (posture)
  • generates heat
• Components of the cardiovascular system

  • blood
  • heart
  • blood vessels
• Functions of the cardiovascular system

  • transport of substances (gases, nutrients, waste, hormones)
  • temperature regulation
  • water content regulation
  • defence against disease
  • repair of tissues
• Lymphatic and immune system components:

  • lymphatic fluid
  • lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
  • bone marrow, spleen, thymus, tonsils
• function of lymphatic and immune system:

  • returns proteins and fluid to blood
  • carries lipids from GI tract to blood
  • protects against disease and cancer
• Components of the endocrine system

  • hormone-producing gland
  • e.g hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries and testes
• Function of the endocrine system:

  • co-ordinates body functions
  • releases hormones from glands to have effect on target organs
• Nervous system components:

  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
  • special sense organs
• Function of the nervous system

  • generate nerve impluses to regulare body activites
  • detects stimuli and responds to them
  • initiates muscles contraction or gland secretion
• Respiration system components:

  • lungs and air passages
  • pharynx, larynx
  • trachea, bronchioles, alveoli
• function of respiratory system:

  • gaseous exchange
  • regulates acid-base balance of body fluid
  • enables sound production when air passes through vocal cords
• Components of the digestive system:

  organs of GI tract

  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small and large intestine

  Accessory organs

  • salivary gland
  • gall bladder
  • liver
  • pancreas
• Components of urinary system

  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
• function of the urinary system:

  • produce, store and eliminate urine
  • eliminates metabolic waste
  • regulates volume and chemical composition of the blood
  • helps to maintain the acid-base balance of the body fluids
  • regulates production red blood cells
• female - reproductive system components

  • ovaries
  • uterus
  • fallopian tubes
  • vagina
• male- reproductive system components

  testes

  epididymus

  vas deferens

  penis
• Function of the reproductive system:

  • gamete production
  • hormone release - regulate reproduction and associated body changes during puberty