Reading and Writing

• Text

  • group of ideas put together to convey one main point or central idea to the readers.
• Discourse

  • continuous stretch of language that goes beyond individual sentences.
• Organization

  • This refers to the arrangement of ideas in a text.
• Chronological

  A chronological pattern of organization arranges information according to a progression of time, either forward or backward.
• Compare and Contrast


  arranges how they are similar or different from each other.
• this refers to the overall unity of the text. It uses transitional words so that there are no abrupt transitions between paragraphs or sentences.

  Coherence
• It refers to the grammatical aspects of writing. It focuses on the connection at a sentence level.

  Cohesion
• Language Use

  Personal (Informal)Academic (standard)Business (technical)
• Exemplification


  Presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea.
• Description


  Rich descriptive words that put picture of a person, place or an object in reader's mind.
• Sequence


  It tell the steps in a how-to. It tells how to do something orhow something is done.
• Problem-Solution


  method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifyinga problem and proposing one or more solutions.
• Persuasion


  This paragraph means to convince the reader thatyour opinion on an issue or subject is the right one.