Bottom-up approach

• Time and place significance

  The assumption that the time and place of the crime may give clues as to where the offender lives or works
• Forensic awareness

  The assumption that offenders who show an awareness of forensic investigation have probably committed a crime before
• Geographical profiling

  • Assumes that serial offenders will restrict their work to geographical areas they are familiar with
  • This is the basis of circle theory
• Circle theory

  The pattern of offending often forms a circle around the offender's home base