Lesson 3

• 21st Century Literature


  Literary works written and published at the latter part of the 21st century (from 2001 onwards)
• 21st Century Literature


  • Gender sensitive
  • Technologically alluding
  • Culturally pluralistic
  • Operates on the extreme reality or extreme fiction
  • Questions conventions and supposedly absolute norms
• Technological advancement gave birth to different emerging literary genres
• Oral tradition


  A form of human communication in which knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is received, transmitted and preserved orally from one generation to another
• Examples of oral traditions


  • Pastime (riddles, puzzles)
  • Courting (serenade/harana)
  • Chores (lullaby, hele, uyayi, harvest song)
  • Beliefs (superstitions, chants, hymns, rituals)
  • Stories of creation (legends, myths, epics)
  • Observations and experiences/in the surroundings (songs about nature/experience)
  • Physical exercise and memorization (songs that enumerate for children to memorize)
  • Stories that have morals (no definite author) (folklore/kwentong bayan, fable/pabula)
• Oral traditions are also reflected in beliefs, proverbs and old sayings, prose and literature, legends, epics and in dances
• Oral traditions in Beliefs


  • It's bad luck for the groom to see the bride before the wedding
  • The bride wears white to symbolize chastity
  • Black cat brings bad luck
• Oral traditions in Proverbs

  • A broom is sturdy because its strands are tightly bound (Matibay ang walis, palibhasa'y magkabigkis.)
• Oral traditions in Stories

  • Si Malakas at si Maganda, Mythical stories (deities, creation stories, mythical creatures), Legend of Maria Makiling
• Oral traditions in Folk Dances

  • Tinikling
  • Itik-itik
  • Maglalatik
  • Pandanggo sa Ilaw
• Tanaga


  An indigenous type of Filipino poem, that is used traditionally in the Tagalog language. The poetic art uses four lines, each line having seven syllables only. This type of poem exemplifies teachings, idioms, feelings, and ways of life.
• Tanaga


  • Stanzaic, written in any number of quatrains
  • Rhymed, originally aaaa bbbb cccc etc., modern 4 lines)
  • Tanagas also use aabb ccdd etc or abba cddc etc or syllabic, 7-7-7-7 syllables per line any combination rhyme can be used
  • Composed with the liberal use of metaphor
  • May be titled or not
• Textula


  A blend of the English word "text" and the Filipino word "tula" meaning text poem. Textula or mobile phone text tula is a poem written in the form of a text message. It usually consists of one or two stanzas and is sent as a direct communication to a person close to the sender. Through time, the patterns, rhymes and number of lines have evolved. There's now more freedom in terms of poem's length, rhymes and patterns.
• Poetry is not popular as it was before probably because prose has become even more popular than poetry. Large amount of prose is being written and because it is easier to consume, it gets consumed by even larger mass (wattpad, novels, e-books, etc.) downplaying poetry.
• Poetry is not dying. In fact, it is merely changing. It takes a new form to fit in.
• Hyperpoetry


  Traditional poetry uploaded online. This kind of literature relies on the qualities unique to a digital environment or effects such as sound and movement.
• Microliterature


  A body of short articles and publications, each containing only a little new information. Usually, it is shared and published using technology.
• Twitterature


  Literary use of the microblogging service of Twitter. It includes various genres, including aphorisms, poetry, and fiction (or some combination thereof) written by individuals or collaboratively.
• Creative nonfiction


  A genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. It contrasts with other nonfiction, such as technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in accurate fact, but is not primarily written in service to its craft.
• Chick literature


  Consists of heroine centered narratives that focus on the trials and tribulations of their individual protagonists. Chick lit often addresses issues of modern womanhood – from romantic relationships to female friendships to matters in the workplace – in humorous and lighthearted ways.
• Feminist literature


  Supports the feminist goals of defining, establishing and defending equal civil, political, economic and social rights for women. It often portrays men as bad.
• Speculative fiction


  Often referred to as a "super genre," for its broadness.
• Speculative fiction depicts distant worlds and futuristic technologies that whirl readers far away from here and now and yet provoke contemplation of contemporary issues.